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동아시아 근대화와 자본주의 형성 및 전개: 대안적 이론에 의한 해석

Formation and Development of Capitalism in the Modernization of East Asia: An Alternative Theoretical Explication

김경동
아시아연구소|2016.02|아시아리뷰 (Asia Review)|제5권 제2호|pp. 3-38

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참고문헌

키워드

국가의 역할role of the state선택적 근대화론정치적·문화적 선택성민간부문의 성격국가와 민간부문의 관계Selective modernization theorypolitical and cultural selectivitynature of private sectorinter-relationships between state and business
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

국제적 문화접변과 정치적·문화적 선택성 원리에 의한 적응적 변동 개념 등을 포함하는 선택적 근대화론을 적용하여 19세기와 제2차 세계대전 이후의 두 시기에 일어난 동아시아 3국의 자본주의 생성과 전개 과정에 나타나는 동질화 및 이질화 현상을 설명하고자 한다. 제1기 근대화 과정에서는 세 나라가 공통적으로 제국주의 침투에 의한 국제적 문화접변에 중국 중심의 유교적 세계관에 기초한 ‘쇄국’으로 대응했으나 다양한 국내 사정에 따라 즉각 각기 상이한 적응적 변동을 시도하면서 특성이 서로 다른 자본주의가 생성했다. 1945년 이후에도 각국이 상이한 근대화 과정을 거쳐 각자 특이한 자본주의를 전개하면서 국가 개입의 형식과 정도의 차이에도 불구하고 3국 공히 고도 경제성장을 포함한 자본주의 경제를 비교적 성공적으로 성취하고 있다.

Abstract

To explicate the emergence and evolution of capitalism in the three EastAsian nations, a theory of selective modernization was applied by utilizingthe concepts of international acculturation and adaptive change which isdefined by the principles of selectivity of the political and cultural sources. Analysis is focused on the issue of convergent and divergent patterns ofchange that resulted from the two separate waves of modernization in the nineteenth century and the post-World War II period. Although theinitial response to the surge of international acculturation of imperialencroachment of the first wave modernization was a common stance of“closure,” the three nations each soon made adaptive changes under thevariable internal conditions, creating their own versions of capitalism. Also,since 1945 each nation progressed into divergent paths of modernizationdeveloping different versions of capitalism, and yet commonly managing toachieve impressive economic success which relied to a variable extent onthe active role of the state.

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