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국내은행의 해외진출 결정요인에 대한 실증연구

An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Overseas Expansion of Korean Banks

박정희|변현수
한국산업경영학회 (Korean Association Of Industrial Business Administrarion)|2009.08|경영연구 (Journal of Business Research)|제24권 제3호|pp. 287-319|DOI 10.22903/jbr.2009.24.3.287

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참고문헌

키워드

Economic Integration해외진출Overseas Expansion경제적 통합 정도진출 대상국 규제 정도수익창출 기회Regulation IntensityProfit Opportunity
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 국내은행의 수익성이 감소 추세를 보이고 해외진출이 새로운 수익원으로 제기되는 상황에서 2000～2006년까지의 자료를 사용하여 국내은행의 해외진출 결정요인을 분석하였다. 나아가 해외연구와의 비교를 통해 향후 국내은행의 해외진출 방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라와 진출대상국 간 경제적 통합 정도, 진출대상국의 규제 정도, 수익창출 기회 등이 국내은행들의 해외진출에 영향을 미치는 유의한 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라와 경제적 통합 정도가 높고 규제가 낮은 국가일수록 그리고 금융시장 규모가 작고 은행산업의 수익성이 낮은 국가일수록 현지법인보다는 지점 형태의 해외진출이 많았다. 반면, 금융시장 규모가 크고 은행산업 수익성이 높아 수익창출 기회가 많은 국가일수록 지점보다는 현지법인 형태의 진출이 많았다. 그리고 국내 은행산업 집중도가 높을수록 지점보다는 현지법인을 통한 해외진출이 증가하여 은행산업 내 경쟁도가 은행의 해외진출 형태와 관련이 있었다. 국내은행이 실질적으로 해외진출의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 특히 우리나라와 경제적 통합 정도가 강해지는 국가의 경우 국내은행의 국제경쟁력 확충, 진출대상국과의 금융협력 강화 등과 함께 현지법인 설립, M&A 등 진출 형태를 다양화할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

This paper explores the determinants of overseas expansion of Korean banks using data from diverse sources for the period of 2000 through 2006. The main finding is that the degree of economic integration, regulation intensity and profit opportunity of the destination country are crucial factors affecting banks‘ overseas expansion. Banks are more likely to operate as branches in countries which have higher economic integration with Korea and lower regulatory restriction on financial industry. This is also the case when the size of financial market is small and the profitability of the financial industry is low in the destination country. In order for Korean banks to increase the effectiveness of overseas expansion, they need to diversify their expansion strategy. For example, when they enter a country having an economic structure highly integrated with Korea, establishing local subsidiaries and M&As with local financial firms could be excellent alternatives to branch operation.

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