애덤 스미스의 예외의 경제신학: “공정한 관찰자”와 “보이지 않는 손”의 개념적 계보학 읽기
Adam Smith’s Economic Theology of Exception: A Genealogy of “an Impartial Spectator” and “an Invisible Hand”
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By focusing on the theological implications of the notion of an impartial spectator and an invisible hand, this paper aims to examine the way in which Adam Smith’s economic theology can be broken down as a theoretical ground that advocates the tenets of Neo-liberalism by concealing lacks in the market. Although Smith strongly argues that the ethical is located at the heart of the economical, if an invisible hand is interpreted and appropriated as an absolutely exceptionally transcendent entity, so all-powerful that it acts as a troubleshooter that can solve any problem, including lacks in the market completely, it could return to us as the voice of the obscene superego. This voice commands us to enjoy unconditionally the logic of capital, spreading the illusion that the market is fundamentally perfect. However, inspired by Derrida’s critique of the notion of exception, we could invent another mode for understanding the Smithian invisible hand, one in which the hand’s exceptionality could operate as an ineffaceable rupture of the fantasy of an absolutely powerful transcendence that guarantees market perfection under Neo-liberalism. By doing so, we could transform the Smithian invisible hand into an invisible heart. This invisible heart, embodying fragile and rupturing transcendence, could, at the risk of its exceptional safety, fight vigorously against the violence and contradictions of the Neo-liberal market. Indeed, the invisible heart could serve as the truly ideal conjunction between the ethical and the economical, which Smith ultimately wishes to create.
Abstract
By focusing on the theological implications of the notion of an impartial spectator and an invisible hand, this paper aims to examine the way in which Adam Smith’s economic theology can be broken down as a theoretical ground that advocates the tenets of Neo-liberalism by concealing lacks in the market. Although Smith strongly argues that the ethical is located at the heart of the economical, if an invisible hand is interpreted and appropriated as an absolutely exceptionally transcendent entity, so all-powerful that it acts as a troubleshooter that can solve any problem, including lacks in the market completely, it could return to us as the voice of the obscene superego. This voice commands us to enjoy unconditionally the logic of capital, spreading the illusion that the market is fundamentally perfect. However, inspired by Derrida’s critique of the notion of exception, we could invent another mode for understanding the Smithian invisible hand, one in which the hand’s exceptionality could operate as an ineffaceable rupture of the fantasy of an absolutely powerful transcendence that guarantees market perfection under Neo-liberalism. By doing so, we could transform the Smithian invisible hand into an invisible heart. This invisible heart, embodying fragile and rupturing transcendence, could, at the risk of its exceptional safety, fight vigorously against the violence and contradictions of the Neo-liberal market. Indeed, the invisible heart could serve as the truly ideal conjunction between the ethical and the economical, which Smith ultimately wishes to create.
참고문헌 (19)
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