「奬忠壇祠 기념사진」 촬영 시기와 奬忠壇祭 운영

Abstract

Jangchungdan was built in 1900 on the orders of Emperor Gojong with the purpose of performing ancestral rites for solders who died during the Eulmi Incident and the Gabo Peasant Movement, with 19 ancestral ceremonies performed there until October 1909. Jangchungdna was closed after the memorial ceremony for Ito Hirobumi, and it was then turned into a park. The buildings within Jangchungdan were lost as a result of bombings in the course of liberation and the Korean War. Commemorative photographs in front of the Jangchungdan Altar remain in Bostwick’s photo album in connection with Jangchungdan. The figures in this photograph are dressed in the Korean Empire’s revised military uniforms for which the revision was made in July of 1900. Thus, in accordance with army clothing regulations, they are wearing the daeryejang which is worn during ancestral ceremonies. The key figures in the photograph include Min Young- hwan, Lee Jae-soon, Lee Yoon-yong, Cho Dong-yoon, and Yoon Woong-yeol, and their personal histories and attire confirm the commemorative photographs in front of the Jangchungdan Altar were taken at the first Jangchungdan Memorial Ceremony on November 10, 1900. In relation to the Jangchungdan Memorial Ceremony, the hyangsa-jeolmok (rules regarding ancestral rites) lists the date of the ancestral service, the ritual formalities, the priests, the number of reception dishes, the preparation of various items, and the costumes including those for the guards. In accordance with hyangsa-jeolmok, the Jangchungdan Memorial Ceremony was held on the day of jeong in both mid-March and September yearly, and the priests were all company-grade officers or higher. The date of the memorial ceremony was announced in newspapers prior to the ceremony, thus encouraging participation from the families of the bereaved. On the day of the ceremony, soldiers of the Korean Empire, in Western-style military uniforms, departed from Euljiro and passed through Gwanghui-dong to arrive at Jangchungdan. The Taegeukgi and five-colored flags were hung high at Jangchungdan, and an arched gate made of wood was also built. Government officials, bereaved families, foreigners working at legations and consulates, and the people of Seoul regardless of age and gender gathered at Jangchungdan. Beginning with the reception of guests, the ancestral ceremony carried out chijak which involves raising a cup. Then, there was a ritual by the elite guard, the royal guard, and the Pyongyang unit starting with the military academy cadets, with the military band performing during the ceremony. After this ritual, the cafeteria pavilion provided meals, and there was a march-past by each unit thereafter. After the end of the ceremony, commemorative photographs were taken in front of the Jangchungdan Altar, which included the officers of the Korean Empire, namely, the Accountant General of the Board of Marshals, Min Young-hwan ; the General of the Office of Records, Cho Dong-yoon ; the Commander of the Royal Escort, Lee Jae-soon ; the Chanjeongs of the State Council, Yoon Woong-yeol and Lee Yoon-yong ; and the Chaneui of the Imperial Household Department, William Franklin Sands. The Jangchungdan Memorial Ceremony was an ancestral ritual that was created after the proclamation of the Korean Empire. Establishing the rules for the ancestral ceremony and selecting offerings, ritual formalities, and priests are not all that different from the Joseon dynasty period. However, daytime was chosen for holding the ceremony, and bereaved families were encouraged to participate through the modern medium of newspapers. Moreover, foreigners living in Hanyang were also allowed to participate. Soldiers and government officials from the Board of Marshals, who oversaw the ceremony, wore Western-style military uniforms and marched within the capital city, and a march-past was included in the ceremony procedures. Such characteristics diverged from the ancestral ceremonies of the Joseon dynasty. These differences reflect the philosophy behind the Gwangmu Reform, which is none other than gubon sincham(acceptance of the new based on old foundations). Because the supreme command of the Korean Empire’s military built Jangchungdan and operated ancestral rites at that location, the facility was symbolic of Emperor Gojong’s supreme military authority. Moreover, the military parade within the downtown area and the march-past prior to the Jangchungdan ceremony aimed at demonstrating the majesty of the Korean Empire’s military. Accordingly, participation by bereaved families, foreigners, and the general public along with the priests, and changing the time of the ceremony to daytime must be understood in the same context.