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유럽의회의 역사적 발전경험과 통일한국의 의회제도에 대한 함의

The Historical Development of the European Parliament and Its Implications on the Parliamentary System in Unified Korea

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 연구는 점진적이고 단계적인 통일에 대한 가정을 바탕으로 통일한국의 의회 제도를 모색하였다. 특히 민족국가 수립단계에 초점을 맞춰 양원제의 타당성을 옹호한 기존논문에 대한 대안을 논의하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 장기간의 통합과정을 거치면서 발전하고 있는 유럽의회의 사례에 주목하고 통합초기 입법권한이 없는 명목적 의회로부터 실질적 입법권한을 지닌 의회로 발전하는 과정을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 통합초기 명목적인 의회의 설립은 민주적 의회운영의 경험에 부합하지 않을 뿐 아니라 민주적 통합공동체의 발전을 촉진하는데 한계가 있음을 보여주었다. 이는 통일 과도기 정치체제에서 민주적 정통성을 바탕으로 실질적인 입법권한이 부여된 의회가 통일 과도기의 원활한 이행과 통일국가 수립을 촉진할 수 있음을 함의한다. 그리고 그와 같은 통일 과도기 의회의 운영은 통일국가 수립단계에 양원제 이외의 대안적 의회 제도를 제시할 수 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

This article explores the issue of which parliamentary system would be required from the gradual and step-by-step approach to the unification of Korea. In particular, it develops an alternative system from the bicameral one which has suggested with an assumption of the sudden and rapid process of Korean unification. In so doing, it characterizes the historical development of the European Parliament (EP) during the gradual integration process of the European Union from a nominal parliament to a parliament with substantial legislative power. It finds that the setting-up a nominal parliament at the beginning of institutional building suffers from the problem of democratic deficit and plays a weak role in the development of democratic political system. These findings imply that for a stable and effective transition to the final stage of unification, it might be necessary to establish a parliamentary system based on the principle of democratic legitimacy in the second transitional stage of the unification process. Therefore, depending on the assumption of the types of unification process, we might find alternative parliamentary systems to the bicameralism.

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