정치적 주체의 불/가능성―오키나와 서발턴의 ‘자기 결정권’―
The inability/possibility of Political Subjects -Okinawa Subaltern's ‘right to self-determination’
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日本のサバルタン研究において、沖縄という空間が持つ意味は非常に象徴的で重層的である。沖縄の歴史を通して最も鮮明に表されているのは、日本という植民者と沖縄という被植民者間の関係から生じた様々な問題を抱えていることである。戦争と占領、植民地を通して日本という支配者の位置と沖縄という被支配者の位置が生成されて以来、差別を受ける構造の中で彼らは政治的主体になれずにいる。 本論文では、沖縄の状況をサバルタンの観点からアプローチし、沖縄が置かれている差別的構造を可視化し、彼らの主体的な語りは可能なのか、それを阻止する要因は何であるかを考察してみた。沖縄のサバルタンが政治的主体として行動しようとする時、彼らの主体的な語りを阻止する権力があるだけでなく、サバルタンの声も同じではなかった。むしろ支配者である日本に積極的に加担し、同化しようとする態度を見せる人々が存在する。しかし、異民族に対する差別意識に基づき、日本人化を志向するならば、支配と従属の関係からサバルタンの尊厳と権利の回復は遥かに遠いであろう。沖縄のサバルタンが植民者と被植民者の関係から脱し、政治的主体として行動するためには、何よりも沖縄の自己決定権が求められる。
Abstract
In Japan's Subaltern study, the meaning of the space Okinawa is very symbolic and multi-layered. What is most evident in Okinawa's history is that it has a continuing problem created by the relationship between the Japanese colonists and the colonized people of Okinawa. They have not been political subjects in a discriminatory structure since Japan's ruler position and Okinawa's ruled position were created through war, occupation and colonization. In this paper, we approached the situation in the space of Okinawa from a Subaltern perspective to visualize the structural situation in which they were placed, and examined whether their subjective speaking was possible and what factors hindered it. Not only did Okinawa Subaltern have the power to block their independent speech when they wanted to act as political subjects, but also Subaltern's voice was not the same. Rather, there were people who actively participated in Japan, the ruler, and tried to assimilate. However, it is far from restoring Subaltern's dignity and rights from the relationship of domination and subordination if aims to become a Japanese based on a sense of discrimination against other ethnic groups. Okinawa's right to self-determination is required above all in order for Okinawa Subaltern to move away from the relationship between the colonists and the colonized and act as a political subject.
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