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교환 거버넌스로서 네트워크 조직의 본질과 쟁점

An Essence and Issue of Network Organization as a Exchange Governance

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초록

네트워크 조직은 현재 조직논의의 핵심이다. 처음에는 주로 조직형태의 하나로 인식되었지만 지금은 주로 교환을 관장하는 거버넌스로 보고 있다. 조직들은 주로 정보획득을 통한 지식획득의 목적으로, 지위와 정당성을 향상시키기 위해, 그리고 환경 변화에 쉽게 적응하기 위해 네트워크 관계를 가지려 한다. 네트워크 관계는 교환당사자 사이의 거리가 가깝거나, 직접 접촉하는 횟수가 많을 때, 그리고 같은 지역이나 구역에 모여 있을 때 주로 이루어진다. 특히 네트워크 조직은 교환 당사자 사이에 갈등이 있을 때 그것을 해결하기 위해 신뢰를 사용한다. 이러한 점에서 신뢰는 네트워크 조직관계의 핵심요소라 할 수 있다. 문제는 이러한 논의에도 불구하고 네트워크 조직에는 몇 가지 핵심적인 쟁점이 존재한다는 것이다. 네트워크 조직의 수많은 순기능적 역할에도 불구하고 시장이나 계층제가 여전히 선호되고 있다는 점, 그리고 거시적 차원의 네트워크 조직이 미친 사회적 결과가 그것이다. 결국 네트워크 조직을 둘러싼 문제는 시장과 계층제라는 이분법이 아니라 네트워크 조직을 포함한 보다 균형된 시각으로 교환관계를 볼 때 해결이 가능하다. 그리고 그것의 첫 출발점은 네트워크 조직을 하나의 독자적 조직으로 인정하는 것이다. 결국 시장, 계층제, 그리고 네트워크 조직을 동등한 시각으로 고려할 때 네트워크 조직에 대한 본질을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있다는 것이다.

Abstract

Network organizations are core of current organization discussion. At first, the network organization was recognized as a kind of organization types, but now it is recognized as a governance that controls exchange, mostly. Organizations aims at acquiring information, mostly and intend to have network relationship to adapt to circumstance changes in order to promote position and authority. The closer exchangers exist, the more frequently exchangers contact, the similar regions and divisions exchangers gather, the softly network relationship is made. Especially, network organizations import trust to solve the conflict discovered in exchangers. In the points, trust is a core factor of net organization relationship. But, there are some core issues in network organizations, in spite of the discussions. They are the facts as followings; network organizations prefers markets and hierarchy systems, in spite of all many eufunctional roles; and network organizations in macro level have an influence on society and generates results. It is possible to solve many problems related to network organizations by groping for exchange relationship with well-balanced view including networks, not through dichotomy on markets and hierarchy systems. The first step to do this is recognize network organizations as an independent organization. That is, it is possible to estimate the essence of network organizations objectively, by considering with the same view markets, hierarchy systems, and network organizations.

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