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네트워크 거버넌스와 정부의 역할: 복잡계이론을 중심으로

New Roles of Government in Network Governance: From the Perspective of Complexity Theory

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복잡계이론(complexity theory)은 네트워크 거버넌스의 가능성에 대한 새로운 이론적 관점을 제공해 준다. 중앙집권적인 조정에 의하여 통제되지 않는 다양한 사회구성원과 정부, 그리고 정부의 다양한 정책도구의 상호작용의 결과가 고도의 질서를 갖는 사회문제 해결로 귀결된다는 점에서 네트워크 거버넌스는 복잡적응계로서의 특성을 갖는다. 그러나 네트워크 거버넌스가 복잡적응계라는 규범적인 설명은 한계를 갖는다. 복잡계이론이 네트워크 거버넌스의 가능성에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공해주는 것은 사실이나, 네트워크 거버넌스의 성공을 보장해주지는 않는다. 복잡적응계가 갖는 창발적인 특성이 언제나 사회적으로 바람직한 것은 아니기 때문이다. 정부는 복잡적응계로서의 네트워크 거버넌스가 바람직한 창발적인 특성을 나타낼 수 있도록 최선을 다해야 한다. 정부는 수평적, 다중심적, 하의상달식 접근방법을 사용하여 행위자들의 행태적 규칙의 변화를 이끌어 낼 수 있는 새로운 역할을 담당해야 한다. 네트워크 거버넌스를 통한 사회문제의 성공적인 해결을 위하여 네트워크 거버넌스의 조건과 정부의 역할에 대한 체계적인 설명을 제공할 수 있는 ‘제2세대 네트워크 거버넌스 이론’이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

Abstract

Complexity theory provides a new theoretical perspective on the possibility of network governance. Network governance shares some important characteristics with complex adaptive system(hereafter, CAS) in that social problems are solved through interactions among various actors from both public and private sectors without centralized control in the system level. However, the explanation that network governance is a CAS is not good enough. Even though complexity theory allows us a new perspective, it cannot always guarantee the success of network governance. Emergent property of CAS is not always desirable. In order for network governance as a CAS to be of desirable property, government should play a new role to make people change their patterns of behavior in horizontal, multicentric and bottom-up ways. We need a ‘second-generation network governance theory’, with which we can explain the conditions of successful network governance and new roles of government in network governance.

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