심상훈련을 통한 운동학습이 과제 수행 능력 및 운동학습 요소에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Motor Learning through the Mental Imagery Training on Task Performance and Motor Learning Component
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초록
본 연구에서는 시열 과제를 통한 운동학습에서 심상 훈련이 운동수행 전 인지 과정과 운동수행 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 건강한 성인 45명을 대상으로 하여 무작위 추출하였고, 심상 훈련군, 실제 훈련군, 대조군으로 분류하였다. 운동수행 과제는 시열과제를 통하여 제공되었으며, 각 자극에 대한 운동반응은 자극제시 시점, 근 수축 유발 시점, 관절운동 유발시점, 운동반응 시간을 측정하였다. 근 수축 유발 시점은 근전도를 사용하였고, 관절운동 유발시점은 관절측각기를 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 심상 훈련군과 실제 훈련군에서 전ㆍ후 운동반응 시간이 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 대조군의 경우 전ㆍ후 운동반응 시간의 변화량이 유의한 수준으로 나타나지 않았다. 심상 훈련을 통한 운동학습으로 시열과제에 대한 운동수행 능력이 개선되는 결과를 보였다. 이는 운동 수행 전 인지단계에서의 효율성의 증가로 인하여 전체 운동 수행능력이 개선되었으며, 근 수축 개시 후 운동 반응 시점 사이의 시간 간격은 유의한 수준의 감소를 보이지 않았다. 이를 통하여 심상 훈련을 통한 운동 학습이 전체 운동 수행능력에서 운동 수행 전 준비 단계에서의 효율성을 증가에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
This study examined whether motor imagery leads to a decrease in the temporal process in terms of the onset of muscle activation and reaction time according to acquisition of motor skills in a serial reaction time task. Forty-five right‐handed normal volunteers were recruited, who have no history of neurological dysfunction. The subjects were assigned randomly to the motor training group, motor imagery group, and control group. The three types of motor responses were measured, in terms of onset of muscle activation, onset of wrist joint movement, and motor reaction time from visual stimulation. EMG was used for the muscle activation provocation time, and the electrogoniometer was used for the onset of joint movement. As the results, the motor reaction time was significantly decreased in the pre and the post tests in the motor imagery groups and the actual training group. However, there was no significant difference in the control group. Our results showed that the improvement of the three different type of motor responses were observed in both mental and actual practice. It suggests that mental imagery training is as much effective as the actual training. Thus, it will be useful to practice mental imagery with the task that required the executed movement as well as the task for the cognitive processing.
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