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운동심상과 활동관찰을 결합한 관찰학습이 심상능력과 운동기술 학습에 미치는 효과

The effects of observation learning combined motor imagery and action observation on the basketball skills

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[목적] 이 연구는 운동심상과 활동관찰을 결합한 관찰학습이 농구수업 참여자들의 농구 슈팅 기술 및 심상능력 향상에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 검증하는데 있다. [방법] 서울 소재 3개 중학교를 대상으로 통제집단, 활동관찰 집단과 운동심상과 활동관찰을 결합한 혼합집단으로 구분하고 실험을 진행하였다. 활동관찰 집단에게는 농구기술 학습과 관련된 영상을 제공하여 신체적 연습을 병행하게 하였으며, 혼합집단에게는 농구기술과 관련된 운동심상 내용을 제공하여 활동관찰과 함께 신체적 연습을 병행하게 하였다. 이에 반해, 통제집단은 신체적 연습만 수행하도록 하였다. 실험중재는 10주간 진행되었으며, 실험중재 전 사전과 중재 후 사후에 측정된 결과를 바탕으로 3집단×2시기 반복측정 분산분석을 수행하였다. [결과] 연구결과, 혼합집단은 정면 슈팅 기술에서 상호작용 효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 운동심상 능력에 있어서는 모든 하위변인들에서 상호작용 효과가 유의한 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이러한 변화는 활동관찰과 운동심상을 결합한 혼합집단에게서 큰 것으로 확인되었다. [결론] 이 연구를 통해 운동기술의 습득과정에서 운동학습의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 운동심상과 활동관찰을 결합한 연습구조가 연습의 효용성 측면에서 중요하다는 것을 보여준다.

Abstract

[Purpose] In general, motor imagery and action observation have been distinguished from each other. Recently, several studies demonstrated that combined approach to motor imagery and action observation can be more effective in motor learning. The present study examined the effects of observation learning combined motor imagery and action observation during acquisition basketball shooting skills. [Methods] We divided with control group, action observation group and observation learning group combined mental image and action observation in the three middle school. Action observation group provided the action observation program, and observation learning group was performed observation learning combined mental image and action observation training. All groups were perform basic basketball skills. Experimental intervention was performed for 10 weeks, and data analysis was performed 3 groups × 2 time repeated ANOVA. [Results] The results indicated that all group were improve after intervention, and subjects who participated in combined mental image and action observation was significant in the interaction effect on the front shoot. Moreover, the interaction effect on the motor imagery ability was significant. [Conclusions] These findings suggest that the use of observation learning combined mental image and action observation strategy potentially optimizes motor skills performance and motor image ability by incorporating motor imagery, especially when observing movements with intent to imitate.

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