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자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 인지 처리과정 이해 : 주의와 기억을 중심으로

Understanding of Cognitive Processing in Autism spectrum disorders : Focusing on Attention and Memory

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주제분류기타사회과학

초록

일반적으로 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동들은 의사소통의 문제, 사회성의 문제, 그리고 제한된 관심이나 상동행동의 문제를 보이고 있다. 이러한 문제들에 대한 적절한 중재법을 찾기 위해 다양한 접근들이 제시되고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 인지처리과정의 문제를 통해 아동의 행동문제에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한다. 특히 핵심적인 역할을 하는 주의력과 기억 처리과정에 관한 고찰은 아동의 행동문제를 보다 세밀하게 접근하도록 도와줄 수 있을 것이다. 인지처리과정이란 쉽게 말해서 사람들이 주변의 감각정보 즉, 시각, 청각, 촉각, 후각, 미각으로부터 얻어지는 다양한 정보들을 어떻게 습득하고 저장하고, 인출하고, 활용하는지에 대한 시간적 흐름에 따른 과정으로 볼 수 있다.본고에서는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 인지처리과정의 특성과 관련하여 다음과 같이 논의해 보고자 한다. 우선, 주의력 처리과정과 관련하여 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동이 다양한 감각정보를 받아들이는 능력의 특성, 주의를 적절하게 유지하는 능력의 특성, 유지하고 있던 주의력을 적절하고 융통성 있게 전환하는 능력의 특성으로 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 행동문제를 설명하고, 관심공유(Joint Attention)의 부족으로 나타나는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 행동문제를 설명하고자 하였다. 또, 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 기억 처리과정의 특성과 관련하여 암묵적 기억(Implicit memory) vs 외현적 기억(Explicit memory)에 대한 고찰을 제시하고, 실행 역기능과 관련된 작업 기억의 특성과 자유회상과 관련된 일화 기억의 특성으로 인한 자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 행동문제를 설명하고자 하였다.자폐 스펙트럼 장애아동의 인지처리과정 특성에 대한 고찰은 행동문제를 이해하고 이에 적절한 중재 프로그램 개발이 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Autism has been characterized by abnormalities in language and social relationships and a repetitive, restricted behavioral repertoire involving reactions to the environment. Moreover the most consistently reported deficits is in cognitive processes, especially attentional dysfunction and memory impairments on clinical field. Recently, investigators have found evidents of an inefficient attentional processes including the ability to seletctive attention, attention shift, and joint attention. And, they have found evidents of an memory impairments including the ability to recall, recognition, working memory, remember and episodic memory. This article provides an overview of the deficits of attention dysfunctions and memory impairments in children with autism. In this review, recent research findings about the cognitive processes in children with autism are summerized and the findings are actively used in source of exploring learning and social intervention programs for children with autism.

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