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자폐 스펙트럼 장애의 다중감각 통합과 정서인식: 행동연구와 인지 신경 과학 연구에 대한 개관

Emotion Perception and Multisensory Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

조희정|김소연
한국감성과학회 (The Korean Society For Emotion & Sensibility)|2018.12|감성과학 (Science of Emotion & Sensibility)|제21권 제4호|pp. 77-90|DOI https://doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2018.21.4.77

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키워드

정서인식자폐 스펙트럼 장애Emotion RecognitionAutism Spectrum Disorders보상기제다중감각 통합Compensatory MechanismMultisensory Integration
주제분류감성과학

초록

자폐 스펙트럼 장애를 가진 대상(이하 ASD)의 정서 인식 능력에 대한 행동 연구의 결과는 혼재되어 있고, 부분 단일 감각 양식의 정서 인식 능력에 한 검증에 치중되어 있다. 따라서 ASD가 실제로 정서 인식 결함을 가지고 있는지에 대한 통합적 이해는 아직 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 다중 감각 양식 정서 자극에 대한 따른 ASD 환자의 정서 인식 능력에 초점을 맞추고, ASD의 정서 인식 능력에 대한 혼재된 결과를 설명하기 위하여 최신 행동 연구와 인지신경과학 연구들을 개관하였다. 그 결과, 정서 인식 과제에서 행동적 결함을 보이지 않았던 ASD 일지라도, 뇌 영상 결과에서는 정서 정보 통합 기능에서 결함이 발견되었다. 따라서 본 개관 연구에서는, 최근에 제안된 ASD의 다중 감각 양식에 따른 정서 인식 능력의 결함, ASD의 정서 정보 통합 기능 결함, 그리고 실생활에서 정서 인식의 어려움에 대한 가능성과 선행 연구들의 제한점에 해 논의하였다. 또한, ASD가 정서 정보를 통합하는 과정에서 활용하는 보상 기제를 살펴보고, ASD의 정서 기능 결함과 련된 치료 접근 방향과 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다.

Abstract

Behavioral studies of emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have yielded mixed results. Most of the studies focused on emotion recognition abilities with regard to ASD using stimuli with unisensory modality, making it difficult to determine difficulties in real life emotion perception in ASD. Herein, we review the recent behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies on emotion recognition functions in ASD, including both unisensory and multisensory emotional information, to elucidate the possible difficulties in emotion recognition in ASD. In our study, we discovered that people with ASD have problems in the process of integrating emotional information during emotion recognition tasks. The following four points are discussed: (1) The restrictions of previous studies, (2) deficits in emotion recognition in ASD especially in recognizing multisensory information, (3) possible compensation mechanisms for emotion recognition in ASD, and (4) the possible roles of attention and language functions in emotion recognition in ASD. The compensatory mechanisms proposed herein for ASD with regard to emotion recognition abilities could contribute to a therapeutic approach for improving emotion recognition functions in ASD.

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