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자폐 스펙트럼 장애의 인지적 특성을 바탕으로 수사면담 시 유의할 점에 대한 고찰

Considerations in the Context of Investigative Interview Focused on the Cognitive Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders ： Review of the Literature

권미경|이승진
한국경찰학회 (Korean Association Of Police Science)|2019.04|한국경찰학회보 (The Korean Association of Police Science Review)|제21권 제2호|pp. 83-118|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.24055/kaps.21.2.4

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참고문헌

키워드

수사면담자서전적 기억인지적 특성Autism Spectrum Disorder자폐 스펙트럼 장애Cognitive Characteristics아동 진술Investigative InterviewAutobiographical MemoryChild Testimony

초록

자폐 스펙트럼 장애(ASD)를 포함한 장애인도 경찰관이나 사법체계와의 상호작용이 발생한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 장애인 대상 수사면담 방식의 적절성에 대한 국내의 과학적 연구와 사회적 관심은 부족한 편이다. 다양한 맥락에서 ASD 특성에 관한 연구들이 이루어지고 있지만 사법 체계에서 이들의 특성을 어떻게 고려해야 하는가에 대한 논의는 여전히 부족하다. 사법계가 ASD의 증가를 인식하지 못하고 마땅한 대응책을 준비하지 않는다면 이는 사회의 중요한 영역에서 ASD 인구를 배제하는 것과 다름없다. 따라서 법조계, 임상 및 인지 심리 등 각 분야의 전문가들이 협력하여 대책 방안을 마련해야 한다. 그에 대한 기초 자료로서 본 연구는 ASD의 인지적 특성을 중심으로 수사면담 시 고려해야 할 사항들을 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 수사면담 전 사전 조사를 통해 아동의 배경 정보를 획득할 필요성과 라포형성 시 유의할 점들을 제안해 보았다. 또한, ASD의 의사소통 능력, 타인의 마음에 대한 이해 수준, 자서전적 기억 보고의 특성, 암시적 정보에의 취약성 정도, 출처 판단의 정확성, 실행기능의 수준, 정서 이해 및 조절 능력, 얼굴 인식과 처리 과정의 특성들을 살펴보았다. 본 논고는 ASD에 관한 경찰관의 이해를 높이고 향후 수사면담 및 관련 정책에 관계된 전문가들에게 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Despite frequent interactions with persons with disabilities, including autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), with police officers and people involved in the judicial system, empirically and scientifically validated studies of how investigations proceed should be limited. Although interest in ASD memory characteristics has increased and related studies have been conducted, there is still a lack of discussion as to how to consider their memory characteristics in the judicial system. If the judiciary system does not recognize the increase in ASD diagnoses and does not prepare the right countermeasures, it is no better than excluding the ASD population in important areas of society. In the judicial system, experts from various fields such as clinical, cognitive, and law need to cooperate and continue empirical research necessary for the change of current system. In order to understand the memory characteristics of ASD within the judicial system, the author attempted to examine the significance of interview focused on the cognitive characteristics of autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of acquiring background information of the children through the preliminary investigation before interview and the points to be considered when building the rapport. In addition, the ASD communication and representation ability, the level of understanding of other people 's mind, the characteristics of autobiographical memory report, the vulnerability to suggestive information, the accuracy of source monitoring, emotion understanding and control, face recognition and processing characteristic. The related knowledge will be the basic documents necessary for enhancing the understanding of the ASD police officers and preparing the measures for the case resolution and protection of the ASD’s victim to experts involved in investigative interview and related policies in the future.

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