집단의 특성과 효과성의 관계에 대한 정서 경험의 매개효과 - 교차수준 연구 -
The Mediating Effects of Affect on the Relationship Between Group Characteristics and Effectiveness - A Cross-level Study -
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초록
본 연구는 집단의 특성과 효과성 간의 관계에서 정서의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 교차수준 연구이다. 먼저 집단의 특성으로서 프로세스 활성화와 집단구성원의 감정지능이 집단 내 정서 경험에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 집단 프로세스 활성화는 집단의 응집성, 협동성, 의사소통의 정도로 측정하였다. 한편 정서 경험은 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서로 구분하여, 긍정적 정서는 열정, 즐거움, 평온의 경험으로, 부정적 정서는 불안, 불쾌, 피로의 경험으로 측정하였다. 집단 효과성은 구성원의 학습・성장과 집단에 대한 만족도 등 개인수준에서 측정하였다. 연구가설로는 우선 집단의 맥락적 효과로서 집단 프로세스 활성화가 집단효과성에 미치는 교차수준의 영향관계를 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험이 매개하는지 검증하였다. 아울러 집단 구성원의 개인특성인 감정지능이 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험을 매개로 집단효과성에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서도 검증하였다. 실증의 결과, 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서 모두 유의한 매개효과를 보여주었는데 전반적으로 긍정적 정서의 효과가 더 강하게 나타났다. 집단 프로세스 활성화와 집단효과성 간의 관계에 대하여 긍정적 및 부정적 정서는 모두 유의한 부분매개효과를 보여주었고, 감정지능과 집단효과성 간의 관계에서는 모두 유의한 완전매개효과를 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 집단구성원들의 정서 경험이 집단의 효과성을 높이는데 매우 중요한 변수라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 긍정적 정서가 집단의 중요한 자산이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
A cross level study is designed to examine the mediating effects of affect on the relationship between group characteristics and individual-level group effectiveness. Group characteristics in this study include group process variables as well as group members' emotional intelligence. Selected group process variables are group cohesion, within-group cooperation and communication. Emotional intelligence is measured as the composite of 4 sub factors: self-emotions appraisal, others-emotions appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion. Group effectiveness variables are measured only at the individual level in this study. Those are group member's team satisfaction as well as the degree of learning and growth through group activities. Adopted as mediators are the two factors of within-group affect experienced by individual group members: positive affect and negative affect. Positive affect is measured by the experienced passion, joy, and peace. Negative affect is measured by the experienced anxiety, discomfort, and fatigue. The survey data were collected from 358 employees in 50 work groups from the four large firms in Seoul metropolitan area. Empirical analyses resulted that both positive and negative affect types significantly mediate the relationship between group characteristics and effectiveness. The result also suggested stronger mediating effects of positive affect than negative affect in general. Both positive and negative affect types showed partial mediating effects on the relationship between group processes and effectiveness variables, while they showed complete mediating effects on the relationship between group member emotional intelligence and group effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that affective experiences by group members are critical to group effectiveness.
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