자기-타인 평가 일치 모델을 통해 살펴본 진정성 리더십의 효과성 분석 - 리더에 대한 신뢰와 동일시를 바탕으로 -
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Authentic Leadership Based on Self-Other Rating Agreement Model - Based on Trust in Leader and Identity Toward Leader -
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초록
진정성 리더는 자신의 가치, 감정, 동기와 강·약점을 정확히 지각하고 그에 따라 행동하며, 구성원들로부터 역시 리더들이 자신의 내면을 정확히 지각하고 있다고 인식되는 리더로 정의되어왔다(예: Avolio & Gardner, 2005; Luthans & Avolio, 2003). 이러한 정의를 바탕으로 보았을 때, 리더와 구성원의 지각 일치 정도는 진정성 리더십의 효과성에 대한 중요한 요소가 될 수 있음에도 불구하고 기존의 진정성 리더십 연구들은 리더 또는 구성원의 일방향적인 관점에만 이루어졌다. 이러한 문제점에 기반하여 본 연구에서는 자기-타인 평가 일치 모델을 통해 리더와 구성원이 지각한 진정성 리더십의 일치 정도가 구성원의 리더에 대한 신뢰와 동일시에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 리더-구성원 153쌍의 자료를 분석하였으며, 분석결과, 리더와 구성원이 각각 지각한 리더의 진정성 리더십은 구성원의 리더에 대한 신뢰와 동일시에 모두 정(+)적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 다항회귀분석과 반응표면모델을 활용하여 리더-구성원의 지각 일치 수준이 구성원의 리더에 대한 신뢰와 동일시에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 동일 고평가 유형(리더, 구성원의 진정성 리더십 인식이 높은 유형)의 진정성 리더는 구성원의 리더에 대한 신뢰에서 정(+)의 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌지만, 리더에 대한 동일시에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 과소평가 유형(구성원은 높지만, 리더가 낮게 인식하는 유형)의 진정성 리더는 과대평가 유형(리더은 높지만, 구성원이 낮게 인식하는 유형)의 진정성 리더에 비해 리더에 대한 신뢰와 동일시 모두에서 높은 평가를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 진정성 리더십에 대한 리더 또는 구성원의 일방향적인 관점에서 벗어나 두 관점을 통합적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있으며, 진정성 리더십의 개념적 정의와 일치하는 연구방법을 활용함으로써 진정성 리더십의 효과성을 명확히 하였다. 또한, ‘진정한’ 진정성 리더십은 리더 자신뿐만 아니라 구성원의 지각 역시 중요하다는 점을 실증적으로 밝힘으로써 진정성 리더 개발의 구체적 대안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Authentic leaders are defined as leaders who are aware of their motives, emotions, values, and strengths/weaknesses and perceived by others as being aware of their own and others’ motives, emotions, values, and strengths/weaknesses. In other words, the degree of perceptual concordance between leaders and followers can be an important factor in authentic leadership. However, empirical studies on authentic leadership have been conducted only from the leader’s or follower’s perspective. Based on this problem, this study used Atwater and Yammarino’s(1997) self-other rating agreement model to examine whether leader-follower perceptual congruence regarding authentic leadership would influence outcome variables such as trust in leader and identification with the leader. A total of 153 pairs of leader-follower were analyzed. As a result, authentic leadership each perceived by the leader and follower was positively related to trust in the leader and identification with the leader. Next, the Result of analysis through multinomial regression and response surface models indicated that authentic leader of in-agreement/good type had a positive relationship with trust in the leader but, there was no statistically significant in identification with the leader. In addition, it was found that authentic leaders of underestimation type were higher levels of trust in the leader, identification with the leader than authentic leaders of overestimation type. The results of this study contributed to the theoretical extension of authentic leadership theory by integrating the leader-follower perspective on authentic leadership, thereby clarifying the effectiveness of authentic leadership. It also provided practical implications that comparing the perceptions of the leader and follower be important in authentic leadership development.
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