그리스도교, 국가, 그리고 아나키즘: 절대자유의 사상에 관한 고찰

Abstract

Anarchism has not disappeared for about 100 years, continued to exist sequentially. Anarchists would not believe what kind of absolute truth(Christianity), what kind of absolute authority(the state). They believe in that social form and the condition of the human life have been going to complete infinitely by spontaneity of the human beings and mutual aids. As expected, the belief of this anarchism let us live the communitarian life, among the people who are heterogeneous in value and belief, in modern flowing society? Has anarchism equipped the base which is rational to meet so many crises in modern society? And can we trust it sufficiently as means to manage the crises?Christianity was one paradox in the history of freedom of the human beings. The early pious Christians who believed blindly Old Testament should have admitted that Old Testament provided the armory of the theory for the oppression of heresy, affecting the hearts of the human beings so strongly that they became merciless, violent, fanatical. The thinkers after the religious reformation poured the biting criticism for duplicity of religious tolerance. The using of 'tolerance' itself would be a kind of despotism, because religious freedom is a so holy right. If the authority of tolerance exist, anything that they do not tolerate will happen. Meanwhile, what is the state in the people? Why becomes the state organization which governs the people from above and exploits them? The moralist of France of 16th century, de la Boetie pointed it out in his writing Consideration of Voluntary Slavery that the reason why the relationship between tyrant and the people is maintained is because they themselves wish to be slave voluntarily. The unlimited governance in a political territory is jeopardized in the case of extreme occasion. To attach a control device in it is 'constitution,' but in the case of most, the state concentrates itself on the rulership more than required on the pretext of the menace of different other states. It is the excessive state. The appearance of anarchism provided a new paradigm to the discussing of politics. That is, the idea of 'freedom from control' was newly substituted for 'proper control' which had been developed since Platon. Disappearance of authority and government, dispersion of responsibility, substituting 'associationism' for the state and organizations similar in it have been simple humble dreams of anarchists. We now must see the essence of the stance of anarchists.