미국의 사립학교에 대한 쟁점과 절충의 모색
Controversies over American private schools and search for a compromise
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본 연구에서는 여타 선진국에 비해 상당한 자율성이 보장되는 미국의 사립학교에 대한 복합적인 쟁점을 보다 심도 있게 이해하기 위해 이들을 1) 자유주의 대 평등주의의 논쟁, 2)시장 대 국가의 논쟁, 3)다양성에 관한 논쟁 등으로 분류하고 이들 쟁점에 내포된 철학적인 관점들을 고찰해 보았다. 그 결과 이들 쟁점들이 자유 대 평등의 대립으로 요약될 수 있다고 판단하고 양자 간의 절충을 John Rawls의 정의의 원칙을 통해 시도해 보았다. 이와 아울러 빈곤계층에게 사립학교의 선택을 지원해 주는 제도를 Rawls 식의 절충안으로 규정하고 이의 타당성에 대해 검토해 보았다. 끝으로 이상의 논의를 토대로 우리 교육에 대한 시사점을 도출해 보았다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to illuminate the controversies over private schools in the U.S. by analyzing their philosophical viewpoints and search for a compromise between them on the basis of John Rawls’s principles of justice. For the above purpose, I categorize the controversies over America private schools into three domains; liberalism vs. egalitarianism, market vs. state, and debates on diversity. The paper consists of six parts: In the first part, I briefly review the history and reality of American private schools. In the second, I juxtapose the proponents and opponents of private schools focusing on their division as liberalists and egalitarians. In the third, I contrast the former as the advocates of market and the latter as the supporters of state intervention. In the fourth, I investigate their conflicting view on the issue of diversity. In the fifth, I probe the viability of the private school choice for the poor, which I deem the application of John Rawls’s principles of justice, as a compromise between the adherents and critics of private schools. Last, I derive some implications on Korean education from the discussions so far.
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