도덕 교과 교수ㆍ학습에서 행동 윤리학의 적용 방안
Applying Behavioral Ethics to Teaching & Learning in Moral Education
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초록
행동 윤리학은 사람들이 도덕적 영역에서 결정을 내리는 방식과 이유를 밝히는 데 초점을 맞춘다. 본질상 규정적ㆍ처방적인 접근법이 아니라 기술적ㆍ서술적인 접근법에 근거한 행동 윤리학은 우리가 도덕적 결정을 내리는 방식과 이유를 이해하려고 행동 심리학, 인지과학 그리고 관련된 사회과학에 의존하는 학제적인 분야다. 행동 윤리학은 인간의 제한된 윤리성 개념에 근거하면서, 선한 사람이 비도덕적 행동에 쉽게 관여하는 현상을 이해하는 데 그리고 그것을 교정하는 데 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 행동 윤리학 연구는 사람들이 왜 자신의 도덕적 기준에 어긋나는 그릇되고 비도덕적인 행위에 관여하게 되는지를 설명해 줌으로써 도덕 심리학에서 합리주의 모델의 약점을 잘 보완해줄 수 있는 잠재력이 풍부하다. 이에 이 논문에서는 행동 윤리학의 연구 결과를 도덕 교과의 교수ㆍ학습에 적용하는 구체적인 방법을 제시하였다. 도덕 교사가 도덕적 점화를 활용하기, 도덕적 직관에 귀를 기울이기, 점진주의 편향을 예방하기, 이기적 편향을 극복하게 하기, 도덕적 자아를 활성화하기, 도덕적 풍토를 조성하기와 같은 방식을 행동 윤리학의 지침을 잘 활용한다면, 우리는 학생들의 도덕적 행동을 더욱 촉진할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Behavioral ethics focus on revealing how and why people make decisions in the moral sphere. Behavioral ethics is based on not prescriptive but descriptive approach in nature. It is an interdisciplinary area that relies on behavioral psychology, cognitive science and related social sciences to understand the way and why we make moral decisions. Behavioral ethics, based on the concept of limited ethicality, can give many implications in understanding and correcting the phenomenon of good people's easy involvement in immoral behavior. Behavioral ethics research has plenty of potential to compensate well for the weaknesses of the rationalist model in moral psychology by explaining why people get involved in wrongful and immoral behavior that goes against their moral standards. Thus, in this paper, the concrete method of applying the research findings of behavioral ethics to teaching and learning in moral education was presented. If teachers majoring in moral education can make good use of the guidelines of behavioral ethics, such as utilizing moral priming, listening to inner moral intuition, preventing incrementalism bias, overcoming self-serving bias, activating moral self, and creating a moral climate, we can further promote students’ moral behaviors.
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