주인-대리인 관점에서 바라 본 금융감독 지배구조의 개선방향
Reform of Financial Supervisory Governance from the Principal-Agent Perspective
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본 연구는 금융불안 및 대규모 소비자피해 등과 같은 금융시스템의 오작동이라는 문제를금융감독의 지배구조 측면에서 고찰하고 있다. 감독 실패의 문제를 감독권자와 감독권한을 위임한 국민 사이에 발생하는 이해상충의 문제로 보고, 이를 주인-대리인 모형의 관점에서 검토하였다. 본고는 이러한 이해상충의 문제가 발생하는 원인을 경제적 유인과 행태경제학적 요인으로 구분하여 검토하였다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 사익을 추구하는 감독권자는 왜곡된 경제적 유인 또는 비이성적 편향으로 인해 국민의 중장기적 이익에 반하는의사결정을 내릴 가능성이 있으며, 이로 인해 감독실패가 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 금융감독의 지배구조를 국민의 중장기적 이익에 부합하는 방향으로 강화하기 위해서는 감독권자의 의사결정이 공익에 부합하도록 감독권자에게 가해지는 영향력을 보정하기 위한 장치를마련할 필요가 있다. 본고는 이상의 주인-대리인 관점에서 금융감독이 그 권한을 부여한국민에 대해 책임성 있게 행사될 수 있도록 관련 지배구조의 강화 방안을 논의하고 있다.
Abstract
This study considers financial supervision as a matter of conflict of interestbetween supervisors and the people who delegated the authority ofsupervision, that is from the perspectives of the principal-agent model. This paper examines the causes of these conflicts of interest in termsof economic incentives and behavioral economics. From this point of view,supervisors with self-interest are likely to make decisions that may goagainst the mid- to long-term interests of the taxpayers/voters due todistorted incentives or irrational biases, which can lead to supervisoryfailure. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the governance of financialsupervision in a way that meets the mid- to long-term interests of thepublic. To this end, it is necessary to set up a mechanism for correctingfactors that influence the supervisors’ decision-making closer to the publicinterest. This paper discusses how to strengthen the relevant supervisorygovernance so that financial supervision can be exercised responsiblyfor the taxpayers/voters.
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