재창조된 고국의 맛과 음식유산의 인류학적 역할: 뉴몰든 북한 이민자들을 중심으로
The Paradox of Recreating the Taste of Home: Critical Perspectives on the Culinary Heritage of North Korean Immigrants in New Malden
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초록
본 연구는 2018년 영국 뉴몰든에 살고 있는 북한 이주민들을 대상으로 무형문화유산이 공동체에 끼치는 효능을 탐구했다. 뉴몰든은 동아시아를 제외하고 전세계 최대 규모의 북한 디아스포라 공동체이다. 오랜 빈곤과 폭정으로 고국을 탈출한 이들이 새로 삶을 정착한 뉴몰든에서 어떻게 고국의 무형문화를 회복하고 재창조하는지, 다시 찾은 고향의 무형유산은 또 다시 그들의 삶에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지를 들여다보았다. 특히 논문은 이주민들의 삶에 녹아든 무형문화를 조사하기 위해 그들의 요리 문화에 초점을 맞추었다. 아울러 논문은 유산의 상실과 회복에 대해 논의하며 향후 필요한 연구에 대한 주제를 제시했다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 북한 이주민들은 모국어에서 서구의 ‘진정성’에 해당하는 정확한 용어를 가지고 있지 않음에도 불구하고 진짜인 것과 아닌 것을 구분하는 진정성의 개념을 발전시켰다. 2. 기근과 빈곤으로 인해 북한의 향토음식은 북한 내에선 명맥이 끊기고 있는 가운데, 영국 뉴몰든에서는 고국의 음식을 조리해서 향유하는 이주민들에 의해 북한의 음식유산이 오히려 전승되며 풍요로워지고 있다. 3. 북한 이주민 사회는 고국의 음식을 요리하고 향유함으로써 그들의 무형문화유산을 지키고 보호했지만, 이로 인해 그들의 공동체의 정체성 또한 강화되고 결속력도 더 단단해지게 되었다. 해당 논문은 필자의 석사학위 논문을 토대로 정리되었음을 알린다.
Abstract
This paper has explored the community of North Korean (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) migrants living in New Malden, U.K. in 2018. New Malden is the largest North Korean diaspora community outside of East Asia. The reseach questioned how people, who fled from the homeland where the poverty and tyranny deprived them of their tradition, recovered and recreated their own cultural heritage in a foreign country. The study particularly focused on their culinary culture which demonstrated well of their sense of authenticity and the character of North Korean intangible cultural heritage. The research findings are: 1. The concept of authenticity was created among North Korean migrants even though their mother tongue did not have the exact word that is equivalent to the Western sense of authenticity. 2. The North Korean local culinary heritage was enriched in New Malden by the people who cooked their traditional food, while it was disappearing in their homeland due to the famine and the poverty. 3. The North Korean migrant community was fostered by safeguarding their intangible cultural heritage, through the cooking of traditional food. The paper discussed the loss, recovery, and the efficacy the heritage through the whole journey. It also suggested potential topics for the further research and referred to limitation of the paper.
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