유럽연합의 대외정책과 국제적 역할의 모색
EU's External Policy and Its Place in the World
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지난 몇 년간 EU는 세계정치 내 중심적인 행위자로서 자신의 위상과 역할을 새로이 확립하고, 대외정책의 다양한 자원과 수단을 확보하기 위한 움직임을 가속화하고 있다. 최근 점점 더 뚜렷해지고 있는 EU의 독자노선과 군사력을 비롯한 각종 정책역량의 강화 움직임은 ‘평화의 제국’(Empire of Peace), 또는 '문민적 강대국‘(Civilian Power)으로 표상되던 기존의 EU의 대외적 정체성과 이미지에 상당한 변화를 야기하고 있다. 이 글에서 저자는 21세기 세계정치 내 중심적 행위자로 급격히 부상하고 있는 EU의 대외정책의 방향을 살펴보고 새로이 형성되고 있는 대외적 정체성과 국제적 역할을 규명하려 시도한다.EU는 1998년의 생-말로 선언을 계기로 유럽안보방위정책(ESDP) 개념을 도입하기로 결정했고 2003년에 들어와서 국제정치 내 군사적 행위자로 본격 등장하게 된다. 저자는 EU의 대외적 정체성은 기본적으로 자유주의 및 다원적 가치에 기반하고 있으며, 국제영역에서의 힘과 영향력을 강화시키기 위한 움직임 또한 이러한 규범적 틀 내에서 진행되고 있다고 주장한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 ESDP 분야에서 계속적인 발전이 이루어지고 대외정책의 다양한 자원과 수단이 확보됨에 따라 EU는 차츰 세계정치의 더욱 중심적인 행위자로 등장하게 될 것이다. 적절한 수준의 군사적 대비태세를 확보하고 그를 위한 효과적인 정책결정 시스템을 구비할 경우 각종 지역분쟁 및 국제안보 문제에 대하여 지금보다 더욱 큰 발언권을 행사할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The central focus of this paper is placed upon the EU's evolving identity as an actor in world politics, with special reference to its growing capability in the field of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. This paper illustrates the essential changes in EU's perception on the dimension of power in the international arena. It also outlines EU's new approaches towards reinforcing its security and interest via strengthening its power and presence in the world. It highlights the evolution of the European Security and Defence Policy and the European Security Strategy. Central to this analysis is a review of whether the notion of European 'civilian power' has been undermined by EU's developing a more independent foreign policy while significantly increasing various foreign policy resources and instruments including an enhanced military capability. This paper concludes that despite these changes the EU still holds the notion of civilian power and is likely to continue to do so in the coming future. This analysis is substantiated by the various constraints posed within and outside Europe against EU's embracing a realist conception of power. Nevertheless, as various components of power continue to grow, the role and influence of the EU in world politics would likely grow, too.
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