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국제분쟁과 EU의 적극적 개입정책

International Conflict and EU's Intervention Policy

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주제분류지역학

초록

20세기 후반기를 통하여 서유럽 국가들은 대외정책의 수단으로써의 무력사용에 대해서 매우 신중하고 유보적인 태도를 견지했다. 이들 국가들은 유럽 안팎의 각종 안보문제에 대응함에 있어서 극히 일부의 경우를 제외하고는 군사적 수단을 배제했고, 비폭력적이고 협력적인 방식을 선호했다. 그럼으로써 더욱 효과적으로 역내 평화와 번영을 유지하고 규범적이며 제도화된 국제질서 형성에 기여하길 희망했다. 국제문제에 대한 이러한 규범적이고 평화적인 접근은 EC와 그 후신인 EU의 대외적 정체성 형성에 주요한 역할을 수행했다. 인권, 민주주의, 자유무역 등 자유주의적 가치와 제도의 확산을 통한 전쟁방지와 평화증진을 강조하는 EU 대외정책의 규범적 요소들은 오랜 기간 문민권력으로서의 EU의 국제정치적 성격을 규정했다. 그러나 이러한 평화적, 비폭력적 정체성은 지난 10여 년간 EU가 국제분쟁과 각종 국제안보 문제에 대해 차츰 무력사용과 강압외교를 포함한 적극적 개입정책을 추진함에 따라 본질적인 변화를 겪고 있다. 이 글은 2003년 이후 본격화된 EU의 적극적 개입정책이 단일한 국제정치적 행위자로서의 EU의 등장 가능성 및 그것이 향후 국제질서에 미칠 영향을 고찰하고 있다. 이 글에서 저자는 이러한 새로운 국제노선을 ‘자유적 국제주의’로 규정하고 그것이 향후 EU의 정치통합과 안보공동체의 발전방향에 갖는 함의를 다루고 있다.

Abstract

This article outlines key features associated with the developments within the EU's external policy with special reference to the CFSP and CSDP. It argues that for a number of reasons the EU has remained for several decades essentially a civilian power upholding liberal pacifist objectives and approaches vis-a-vis international politics. Since the mid-1990s the EU has been seeking to position itself in the spheres of international security and begun to actively pursue an appropriate level of military capability in order to better respond to international security problems. EU's pursuit of an active security role and a corresponding military capability suggests an essential change in EU's longstanding liberal pacificist inclination. The author defines this new approach as an liberal internationalism and attempts to scrutinise the possible impacts of EU's active interventionism on the formation of its identity and a new international order.

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