EU 정치체의 민주성에 관한 연구: 지역정책의 민주적 운영을 중심으로
A study on the polity's democracy of the EU: focused on the democratic operation of the regional policy
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본 연구는 세계정치의 전면적인 변화의 흐름속에서 과연 국민국가 통치의 범위는 어디 까지 일 것인가에 대한 의문을 제시하는 것과 함께, 이러한 환경변화 속에서 국민국가의 변화의 필요성을 주지하여, 이러한 변화에 대한 적합한 국민국가의 정치체(polity)의 형태를 고찰하고자 하는 것이다. 유럽연합은 근대국가에서 변화하여 새로운 차원으로 나아가 는 시도를 하는 좋은 본보기라 할 수 있다. 그것은 초국가적 기구와 기존 국민국가의 병 행이라는 새로운 방식은 물론, 기존의 국가-사회, 정부-경제 사이의 개입 및 갈등, 협력관계에 있어서도 전통적인 모습에서 벗어난 논의를 이루고 있기 때문이다. 유럽연합 정치 체의 운영은 보충성의 원칙을 근거로 하여, 유럽연합으로 권한이 집중되지 않도록 유도한 다. 유럽연합 정책운영에서 보다 다양한 단위들의 제도와 행위자들의 참여가 이루어지는것이 가능한 것은 탈중심적 정치체의 운영 방식 때문인 것이다. 개방형조정방식(OMC: Open Method of Coordination)은 유럽차원의 위계적 권한 관계를 배제하고, 정책 관련 행위자들이 수평적인 관계를 형성하고 상호협력 하여 정책결정을 이끌도록 유도하는 운영기제이다. 본 연구에서는 개방형조정방식이 지역정책운영에 적용되어지는 양상을 고찰하 여 유럽연합 정치체가 갖는 민주적 정당성을 논의하고자 한다.
Abstract
So called Multi-level governance has been developed to explain the change of a nation-state's ruling mechanism, and this must be an instrument that comprehends the dynamic governing system of the EU. According to multi-level governance, decision making competencies are shaped by actors at different levels rather than monopolized by national government. That is to say, supranational institution-above all, the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the European Court- have independent influence in policy making that cannot be derived from their role as agents of national executives. National governments play an important role but, according to the multi-level governance,one must also analyze the independent role of European-level actors to explain European policy making. The subsidiarity can be an organized principle for the sharing of competence and responsibilities between the European Union and the Member States. The “Open Method of Coordination(OMC)” could be a useful device for realizing the subisidiarity in some core areas of European policies. The features of democratic policy-making process can also be seen in the Territorial cohesion policies that have become an accepted goal of the European Union, on a par with economic and social cohesion. By analysing the democratic governance policy making process, - we may consider the EU's democratic way of governing, including the new mode of governance in which different levels of actors could be involved. Through the operarion of the regional policy we might examine the participation of the variable actors for the policy making and this could be a democratic aspet of regional policy process.
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