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EU 환경정책분야에서 개방형 조정방식(OMC)의 적용가능성 탐색

Applicability of OMC in EU Environmental Policy Area

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한국세계지역학회 (The Korean Association Of Area Studies)|2009.04|세계지역연구논총 (The Korean Journal of Area Studies)|제27권 제1호|pp. 189-218

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유럽연합European UnionOMC개방형 조정방식유럽환경정책Open Method of CoordinationEuropean Environmental Policy
주제분류정치외교학

초록

환경오염의 국경초월적 성격과 점차 증가하는 환경적 폐해의 심각성에 대한 국가간 공동노력의 필요성이 제기되면서, 다양한 국가로 구성되어 있는 유럽연합의 회원국가간 환경보호 및 개선노력 및 그에 대한 논의가 최근 들어 활발하게 전개되고 있다. 특히 규제지향적 정책수단이 정책효과에 미치는 영향이 한계를 보이고 있고, 환경정책과정에 서 다양한 회원국가들 사이의 협력과 조정의 중요성이 대두되면서, 새로운 의사결정방 식으로서의 개방형 (정책)조정방식(Open Method of Coordination)에 대한 논의의 필요 성이 제기된다. OMC는 정책과정에서의 연성입법, 벤치마킹, 수평적 참여, 국가간 상호 압력 및 상호학습 등을 핵심적인 요소로 주목하는 의사결정방식이다. 이 논문에서는 유 럽연합지역내의 환경정책분야에서의 OMC의 바람직한 적용 및 성공적인 정착의 가능 성을 탐색한다. 구체적으로 유럽연합의 환경정책의 비효과성 문제를 분석하고 기존 OMC에 의한 의사결정 접근방식이 갖는 한계와 향후 바람직한 적용가능성을 모색해 보고자 한다. 결론적으로 환경분야 정책과정에서 OMC 방식의 성공적 정착은 다양한 조정의 문제에 어떻게 접근하느냐에 달려 있으며, 조정은 단순한 회원국가간 수평적 조 정 뿐 아니라 유럽연합과 회원국가간의 수직적 조정, 그리고 관련정책간 수평적 정책영 역 조정 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

With environmental degradation and its transnational characteristics, much attention has been given to multi-national efforts to deal with environmental policy problems in European nations. Particularly, as traditional command-and-control-driven policy instruments reveal limitations against policy effectiveness and accomplishment, OMC(Open Method of Coordination) as an alternative policy process arrangement has recently been discussed in an environmental policy arena. The key factors operating OMC are, soft legislation, benchmarking, horizontal participation, and mutual pressure and learning among state members, which are utilized for transnational multi-level decision-making and implementation process. This paper examines the way of development and application of OMC in an environmental policy area in Europe Union. Specifically, this study focuses on how and what vertical as well as horizontal coordination successfully make contributions for international cooperative resolution in the environmental policy area.

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