EU 네트워크 도시의 확대: 다핵 도시권 협력 거버넌스를 중심으로
Expansion of the EU Network of Cities: Focusing on Cooperative Governance of Polycentric Urban Area
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오늘날 EU는 메가시티를 제외한 주변 도시지역의 정체와 쇠퇴라는 큰 도전에 직면해 있다. 메가시티는 국가 경제의 주요 동력이지만, 수도권으로의 인구 이동은 국가 내의 영토적 결속을 위협한다. 또한 인접한 지방자치단체는 메가시티에 편입되기를 희망하기도 한다. 이러한 현상은 신자유주의 정책의 일방적인 추진으로 인해 균등한 생활 여건과 사회통합이 저해된다는 비판을 받고 있다. 메가시티는 정치적 지형에도 변화를 일으킬 수 있다. 극우정당은 주변 도시지역의 경제적 어려움을 이용하여 노동 계층의 분노와 불안감을 부추기고, 이를 기반으로 지지 세력을 확대하고 있다. 정도의 차이는 있지만 EU 대부분의 국가 정부는 다핵 도시권 협력을 지원하고 있다. 프랑스, 독일, 네덜란드뿐만 아니라 본 논문에서 연구 대상으로 선정한 서유럽의 덴마크, 남부 유럽을 대표하는 스페인, 동부 유럽을 대표하는 폴란드 등에서도 다핵 도시권 협력이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 다핵 도시권 협력은 도시 및 지방자치단체 간 협력으로, 작은 영토 규모에서도 효율적이고 효과적인 공공서비스를 제공하기 위한 해결책으로 주목받고 있다. 다핵 도시권 협력의 목표는 경제 활성화, 환경 개선, 사회 발전 등이다. EU는 도시간 협력을 통해 지역발전을 위한 새로운 모델을 제시하고 있다. 지역의 특성과 필요에 맞는 정책 수립을 위해 정부와 지방정부, 지역사회가 협력하는 다핵 도시권 협력은 지역발전을 위한 수평적 모델로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 메가시티뿐만 아니라 다핵 도시권 협력을 강화하고 있는 EU 회원국들의 네트워크를 통한 협력 형태를 살펴봄으로써, 현재 한국에서 논의되고 있는 메가시티 건설에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges facing the EU today is the stagnation and decline of peripheral urban areas, excluding megacities. Megacities are the main drivers of national economies. However, internal migration to metropolitan areas threatens territorial cohesion within countries. It can also trigger the desire of neighboring municipalities to become part of the metropolitan area. This creates conflicts, including accusations of pursuing only Neoliberal policies and neglecting the goals of equal living conditions and social inclusion. Megacities can also change the political landscape. Far-right parties have capitalized on the economic plight of the surrounding urban areas to stir up working-class anger and insecurity, and build on their support. To varying degrees, most national governments in the EU support multi-nuclear city region cooperation. In addition to France, Germany, and the Netherlands, multi-nuclear city-region cooperation is also active in Denmark in Western Europe, Spain in Southern Europe, and Poland in Eastern Europe, the three countries studied in this paper. Polycentric Urban Region cooperation is a cooperation between cities and municipalities, and is increasingly seen as a solution to providing efficient and effective public services on a small territorial scale. Polycentric Urban Region cooperation aims to revitalize economies, improve the environment, and advance social development. The EU is proposing a new model for regional development through intercity cooperation. Multi-nuclear city-region cooperation, in which national and local governments and communities work together to create policies tailored to local characteristics and needs, is gaining traction as a horizontal model for regional development. This study attempted to provide implications for the construction of megacity, which is currently being discussed in Korea, by examining the types of cooperation through networks of EU member states that are strengthening Polycentric Urban areas cooperation as well as megacity.
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