도시지역권(City-regions) vs. 기능적 다핵도시권 (Functional Polycentric city-regions): 영국 파워하우스(Powerhouse)와 독일 메트로폴 루르(Metropole Ruhr) 사례
Case Study of the Patterns of Urban Development: City-Regions vs. Functional Polycentric City-Regions with UK Northern Powerhouse and Metropole Ruhr in Germany
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초록
본 연구는 도시발전에 대한 주요 연구주제 중 하나로 도시발전패턴을 분석한다. 특히 최근 등장하는 도시발전패턴으로서 도시지역권(Global City-Regions)과 기능적 다핵도시권(Functional Polycentric city-regions)을 설명한다. 도시지역권과 기능적 다핵도시권은 유럽지역에서 지역 간 불균형발전의 해소를 목적으로 형성한 다양한 도시발전형태로서 중앙정부 중심의 단방제 국가인 영국의 북부파워하우스(Northern Powerhouse Initiatives)와 주정부 중심의 연방제 국가 독일의 메트로폴 루르(Metropole Ruhr) 사례를 중심으로 도시발전패턴의 분석틀을 제시한다. 이들 사례는 단방제와 연방제 국가라는 국가 체제별 특징이 도시발전패턴에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있고, 각각의 사례들이 거대도시를 중심으로 한 도시발전 패턴과 기능적으로 연계된 느슨한 도시연계방식으로서의 도시발전패턴을 비교할 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 특히 이 연구는 도시발전의 패턴이 거대화된 도시의 형성뿐만 아니라 다양한 형태의 도시 간 연계를 통해 도시지역으로의 발전을 통해 변화될 수 있다는 점을 제시한다.
Abstract
This research analyzes urban development patterns as one of the leading research topics on urban development. In particular, the Global City-Regions and Functional Polycentric City-regions will be described as recent urban development patterns. Furthermore, the City-regions and the Functional Polycentric city-regions are various forms of urban development in Europe. In particular, as an effective form of urban development experienced by the UK and German cities, an analysis framework of urban development patterns is presented, focusing on the cases of Northern Powerhouse Initiates of the UK and Metropole Ruhr in Germany, aimed at resolving regional imbalances in central government-centered unilateral countries. Selected case studies are meaningful in that they can confirm the impact of the characteristics of each national system on urban development patterns and compare urban development patterns as loose urban links functionally linked to urban development patterns centered on large cities. In particular, this study can provide theoretical and empirical implications for the recent discussion of megacities in Korea by suggesting that urban areas can be created through various types of inter-city links and the formation of uniform large cities.
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