Geographical Indications and the Kimchi Case: Lessons from the European System of Geographical Indications centered on the Feta Cheese Conflict
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Despite the trend of globalization, the sense of cultural belonging based on food and eating remains a source of conflict, sometimes followed by disputes over cultural ownership. The Korea-Japan and Korea-China kimchi disputes reveal how the issue of food ownership may bring cultural, social, and diplomatic tension. Focusing on lessons learned, particularly the feta case, this article suggests that the European-styled geographical indications (GI) can serve as an effective assertion of national cultural identities and considers the possible outcomes of registering kimchi on the GI system of bilateral FTAs, especially in future renegotiations of the Korea-EU FTA. With this in mind, this article argues that the introduction of kimchi in Korea’s national GI system in 2020 could contribute to asserting kimchi’s identity as a Korean cultural heritage. Also, this article will further consider how the GI protection for Korean kimchi could not only lead to improvements in product quality and economic benefits but also help Korea gain an upper hand in unfounded contentions made over the cultural ownership of its authentic products.
Abstract
Despite the trend of globalization, the sense of cultural belonging based on food and eating remains a source of conflict, sometimes followed by disputes over cultural ownership. The Korea-Japan and Korea-China kimchi disputes reveal how the issue of food ownership may bring cultural, social, and diplomatic tension. Focusing on lessons learned, particularly the feta case, this article suggests that the European-styled geographical indications (GI) can serve as an effective assertion of national cultural identities and considers the possible outcomes of registering kimchi on the GI system of bilateral FTAs, especially in future renegotiations of the Korea-EU FTA. With this in mind, this article argues that the introduction of kimchi in Korea’s national GI system in 2020 could contribute to asserting kimchi’s identity as a Korean cultural heritage. Also, this article will further consider how the GI protection for Korean kimchi could not only lead to improvements in product quality and economic benefits but also help Korea gain an upper hand in unfounded contentions made over the cultural ownership of its authentic products.
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