아동학대 조사 및 피해아동 보호절차의 개선방안에 관한 연구
A study on the ways of improvement in investigation process about child abuse and system of child protection
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초록
아동의 안전과 자유에 대한 위협이 가장 빈번하게 나타나는 곳이 가정이다. 교육시설 등에서도 아동학대현상이 증가하고 있다. 피해아동에 대한 보호조치는 피해 사실의 확인에서부터 조사, 아동학대자로부터의 격리를 포함한다. 아동학대처벌법에서 정하는 보호조치는 피해아동에 대한 응급조치, 아동학대행위자에 대한 긴급임시조치, 아동학대행위자에 대한 임시조치, 피해아동보호명령 등이 있다. 본 연구는 피해아동에 대한 보호조치와 절차의 적정성에 관한 문제를 검토한다. 아동학대 신고체계에서 아동학대 범죄의 인지와 신고는 주관적 기준에 의존하고 있다. 아동과 일정한 인적 관계에 있는 자에게는 신고의무가 부과되며, 신고의무 미이행의 경우에는 과태료를 부과한다. 아동학대 신고의무자의 신고의무 정도는 동일하다고 평가할 수 없으며, 아동과의 친밀도, 공동생활의 밀접 정도, 학대행위자의 지위나 그들 상호간의 관계 등에 따라 과태료, 형사적 제재, 민사적 제재 등 다양한 제재를 부과할 필요가 있다. 아동학대전담공무원은 사법경찰관리와 함께 조사권을 가지지만, 아동학대처벌법에는 그 범위가 명확하게 규정되어 있지 않다. 아동학대전담공무원의 조사권은 피해아동의 보호와 사례관리라는 목적의 한계성 때문에 조사에서 재량권이 어느 범위까지 허용되는지 여부도 명확하지 않다. 아동학대전담공무원이 사법경찰관리와 함께 조사권을 행사하는 경우 조사권의 범위에 관한 명확한 가이드라인을 법률에서 규정할 필요가 있다. 피해아동에 대한 보호조치는 아동의 이익에 최우선하는 방향이어야 하며, 학대행위자로부터 아동을 격리하는 것은 가정이나 학교 등으로부터 단절을 의미한다는 점에서 신중하게 접근해야 한다. 격리방법 또한 아동학대자로부터 아동을 격리하는 방식보다는 아동의 거주지로부터 아동에게 학대를 가한 것으로 의심을 받는 어른을 격리시키는 방법이 보다 적절하다.
Abstract
Each child has a legal right to further his or her development and to be educated to become a responsible person and an able member of society. So legislative statues provide the right of the child to an up-bringing free of violence. Protecting kids against child abuse is an issue that seems to have universal support. In the most recent national study on child abuse and neglect, almost three million children have been identified as abused or neglected by their parents or care-givers. Almost half of this number experienced either emotional abuse or emotional neglect. The numbers are growing. In the legislation for the child protection in Korea, there are various kinds of child protection measures, for example Child abuse reporting system, investigations of child protection service agency and police, removal from home. It should be suggested the ways of improvement in investigation process about child abuse and system of child protection in this paper. In child abuse reporting system, there should be impose the various of measures of fine, civil and criminal sanction according to the degree of obligation to report child abuse. In the investigation process about child abuse, it should be clearly regulated the scope of right for child protection officer to participate in the investigation about child abuse. The ultimate aim of child protection is to preserve the home, prevent separation of the child from the family if at all possible. So only in extreme circumstance to endanger safety of child, child should be removed from their parents or child abuser. In such case, child right and welfare should be the top priority. Especially it is necessary to consider introduction of the civil protection order as a various kinds of child protection measure.
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