1950년대 인도네시아 지역반란과 화인사회:국민당계의 몰락을 중심으로
Regional Rebellion and Ethnic Chinese in the 1950s’ Indonesia
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본 논문은 1950년대 인도네시아의 지역반란과 그로 인한 화인사회의 변화, 특히 국민당계(친 대만) 화인들의 쇠퇴에 대한 연구이다. 1950년대 중반 수마트라와 술라웨시에서 반공과 지역자치 강화의 기치를 내건 지역반란(PRRI, Permesta)이 발발했을 때, 냉전 사고에 사로잡혀 친 중국, 친 공산주의 성향의 인도네시아 정부를 몰아내려 한 미국과 대만을 비롯한 우방국들은 반군세력을 지원했다. 대만이 반란을 적극적으로 후원하고 또 인도네시아의 국민당계 화인 다수가 이 반란에 연루되면서 화인사회의 정치적 분열이 심화되었고, 국민당계 화인들은 정부의 정치적, 경제적 탄압에 직면했다. 이 연구는 당시의 지역반란이 냉전구도 속에서 인도네시아가 미국 및 다른 아시아-태평양 지역 국가들과 연결되는 장이었음을 보여주고, 이런 상황이 1950년대 인도네시아 화인사회에 어떤 영향을 끼쳤는가를 분석한다.
Abstract
This article explores regional rebellion and the changes in Chinese community in Indonesia in the 1950s, focusing on the decline of the Kuomintang (pro-Taiwan) group. In the mid-1950s, regional rebellion (PRRI, Permesta) broke out under the banner of anticommunism and regional autonomy. Obsessed with the Cold War mindset of ousting the pro-PRC and pro-communist Indonesian government, the U. S. and their allies supported the rebels. Among the allies, Taiwan supported the rebellion in a large scale, and many Kuomintang Chinese were involved in it. As a result, the political division of the Chinese community in Indonesia was intensified, and the Kuomintang group faced political and economic suppression by the government. This study exhibits that the rebellion was a site where Indonesia was connected to other countries in the Asia-Pacific region in the Cold War context, and examines what impacts the rebellion had on the ethnic Chinese in the 1950s.
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