經史講義에 나타난 正祖와 학자들의 十三經 인식

Abstract

This study focused on examining the changes in scholarly interest and perception regarding the Thirteen Classics (十三經) during the late Joseon period and analyzing how these changes manifested in the Confucian discourse of King Jeongjo (正祖)'s era. The Thirteen Classics have been central to East Asian scholarship, culture, and philosophical discourse, with their commentaries, the Thirteen Classics Annotated and Explicated (十三經注疏), maintaining their significance. However, in Joseon, a prevailing atmosphere of Confucian orthodoxy dominated by Neo-Confucianism hindered scholarly diversity, with scholars often rejecting perspectives outside of Confucianism. By the 18th century, with stabilized external relations with the Qing dynasty, Qing's scholarship and Thirteen Classics annotations began to infiltrate Joseon through imports. Jeongjo sensitively responded to these changes, endeavoring to uphold the Zhengxue(正學) Confucianism while also striving to embrace these new scholarly trends. The Lectures on the Classics and History(經史講義) served as crucial texts for understanding King Jeongjo's and scholars' perspectives on Confucianism. The works and individuals mentioned in the Lectures on the Classics and History were intricately linked to contemporary academic discussions, making them valuable indicators of the prevailing intellectual trends. To explore the utilization and perception of the Thirteen Classics Annotated and Explicated (十三經注疏) following its introduction to Joseon, this study conducted research utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, focusing on book titles and names of individuals appearing in Lectures on the Classics and History as keywords. In the quantitative methodology, I used digital technology to extract all the book titles appearing in the Lectures on the Classics and History, and divided the subjects into saseo(四書), samgyeong(三經), and chonggyeong(總經), calculated the frequency of each, and visualized the results to analyze the patterns. The results of the analysis showed that the commentaries of Zhu Zi(朱子) and Song Dynasty scholars accounted for a large proportion in the lectures covering the saseo and samgyeong, while the chonggyeong lectures covered a broad range of topics across the Thirteen Classics. I also found that books in the Thirteen Classics Annotated and Explicated system also received scholarly attention. In the qualitative methodology, I identified how names of individuals were used in the context of the sentences and analyzed the content in depth. The analysis showed that the mention of personal names related to the ancient annotations was mainly found in the discussion of Philology(訓誥) and names of objects(物名), which showed a positive perception of Thirteen Classics Annotated and Explicated. Thus, while the topics of discussion in the Lectures on the Classics and History are centered on scholars from the Zhou Zi and Song dynasties, I can see the emergence of scholarly theories by scholars from the Thirteenth and Han dynasties. Through this research, we were able to gain a multifaceted understanding of the perception and evaluation of the Thirteen Classics within the Lectures on the Classics and History. The aim of this study is not to argue that the Thirteen Classics revolutionized the Confucian scholarly landscape, but rather to confirm the tendency of the intellectual climate during King Jeongjo's reign to embrace diverse perspectives beyond Confucianism. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the scholarly trends and diversity in the late Joseon Dynasty, and are expected to contribute to presenting various perspectives in this field through examples of research utilizing both digital humanities and qualitative methodologies.