정조와 다산 경학연구의 이론적 차이 고찰

Abstract

As for the condition of Jingxue(經學) in the latter part of Joseon, the interpretational system of Jingxue, which had played a basic role as the standard of universal values in East Asia, was being re-interpreted for the establishment of new study of loyalty(義理之 學). In addition, in the 17th century, it was reinforced as a traditional ideology to maintain a strong system, and as critical understanding of the study of Tao(道學) and Chu-tzu's doctrine(朱子學) became influential with the spread of a new ideology introduced from the outside, that is, study of Yangming(陽明學) and growing interest in the western study(西 學), the necessity to re-interpret Chu-tzu's Jingxue(經學) system was emphasized and the movement to review the system were active. In particular, the interest in Gogeojihak(考據之學), which was expanding in China during Jeongjo's days, increased. In addition, criticism, overcoming or advocacy of western study and the study of Yangming that had been introduced a bit earlier were the representative aspects. In this academically tumultuous period, proper construction of Jingxue history or the establishment of the research methodology of Jingxue were very important. This research aims at examining Jeongjo's research methodology of Jingxue, such as writings and publications through the scholars belonging to Kyujangkak of Jeongjo, who was a king and also pursued to be a scholar, and focused on literary rule of 'Wumunilnyeom(右文一念)’, in the history of Jingxue succeeded with Chu-tzu's doctrine as the fundamental text in the latter part of Joseon. Jeongjo thought that Tao(道) of three generations of sage kings was connected from Confucius(孔子) to Chu-tzu(朱子). Therefore, he believed that reverence for Chu-tzu was the very respect for Confucius and simultaneously, protection of Confucianism and support for Jeonghak(正學). Moreover, he chose it as the direction for academic policy, and didn't just sit back and watch the situation where the increasing annotations on the original text of Inhaekyungjeon due to the differences in scholars' opinions in the coming generations brought about controversy, and tried to disseminate the documents in which annotations were excluded and only the original text of Confucian classics were summarized. Furthermore, he studied Kyunghak from an anti-Confucian position with a rather critical view on Chu-tzu's doctrine. This study also aims at examining common features and differences in Jeongjo and Dasan Jeong Yak-yong, who had strong reasonable ideas and tendency of Shilhak(實學), through comparative study.