12세기 高麗 墓誌銘의 程式

Abstract

This study focuses on the standard grammar for organizing a piece of writing and grammar for organizing paragraphs of the epitaph in the Koryŏ dynasty, 12th century, in order to confirm and estimate the writing level and literary historical stage. Although close to 170 epitaphs from the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century), little full-scale research has been conducted, and it is believed that it is effective to pay attention to the composition, grammar, and style of writing in order to determine the level of writing. The results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the epitaph of the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century) effectively used the writing method that links words together and arranges similar events(屬辭比事). The epitaph narrators of this period used this formula to clearly present the entire story and eliminate the problem of the deceased’s actions being isolated and dispersed by period by using a specific event or issue as the central point. The writing method that links words together and arranges similar events was used in the epitaphs of various officials, including the bureaucrats who remonstrate(左·右正言), bureaucrats who write official documents(知制誥), military officers(武將), and ministers(宰樞), and Chunqiu(Spring and Autumn Annals) Zuo Zhuan(春秋左氏傳) and It was confirmed that the composition of the memorial text(碑誌文) written by Ouyang, xiu(歐陽脩) was referenced. Second, epitaphs of the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century), we were able to look at examples of the use of a master plot to make up for the shortcomings of the writing method that links words together and arranges similar events. For example, a representative example is the epitaph of a monk composed of the monk’s biography master plot, which is the framework of a narrative that appears repeatedly. This master plot of monk’s biography master plot begins with Daoxuan’s Xu gaoseng zhuan(續高僧傳) and continues with Wenyuan yinghua(文苑英華) and the monk’s memorial text written by Choe Chi-won. It appears to have influenced epitaphs of the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century). In addition, although it is still difficult to call it a master plot, the work that fills in the gaps in the narrative with the opportunity to change the name and the motif of Ryu, Ha-hye(柳下惠) is also attracting attention. Third, in terms of grammar for organizing paragraphs, that highlights the demeanor and administrative record of the tomb owner’s life, the opportunity for the epitaph description, memorial and mourning, and anecdotal(novel) descriptive grammar, including composition, was sufficient to estimate the level of epitaph writing in the 12th century. As seen in the Tang Dynasty epitaph, the factuality and fairness of the epitaph are emphasized through the ‘paragraph describing the occasion of the funeral’ in the epitaphs of the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century). And the epitaphs of the Koryŏ dynasty(12th century) conveyed remembrance and condolences to the deceased by borrowing the genre grammar of a funeral oration(祭文), a message of condolence(哀辭), and a letter of condolence(誄), and conveyed the situation in a novel way. We can guess its maturity by reproducing it and presenting the individuality of the tomb owner in a three-dimensional way. From this point of view, the epitaphs written over a hundred years in the Koryŏ dynasty, the 12th century are a product of absorbing and internalizing the influence of Korean and Chinese epitaphs from previous eras, and their composition and level of writing can be evaluated as complete. In addition, based on the results discussed so far and previous research, it is also worth considering setting the 12th century as another period of Korean prose history, different from the 13th century.