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조절초점이 기부 유형(금전 vs. 시간)에 미치는 영향: 구조방정식을 이용한 매개요인 탐구

The Effect of Regulatory Focus on the Type of Donation: Exploring the Mediators Using Structural Equation Model

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주제분류경영학

초록

최근 몇 년간 기부와 관련한 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있는데 대부분 이타주의나 기부 수혜자와 직접 접촉하였을 때 느끼는 감정 요인 등 기부를 일으키는 긍정요인에 초점을 두고 있다. 반면 기부 결정 시 지각하게 되는 위험과 같이 기부를 저해하는 요인에 대한 탐구는 상대적으로 부족하다. 본 연구는 동기적 요인이 타인을 돕는 행동에 대한 태도뿐 아니라 인지적 위험에 어떤 영향을 미치게 되는지를 균형 잡힌 시각에서 검증하고 두 가지 매개요인이 최종적으로 기부 행동의 두 가지 유형에 미치는 영향관계를 밝히고자 한다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 동기적 요인 두 가지는 타인을 돕는 행동에 대한 태도와는 모두 긍정적 영향관계를 갖지만, 기부 시 지각된 위험에 있어서, 향상초점적 경향은 영향을 미치지 않는 반면, 예방초점적 경향과는 긍정적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 타인을 돕는 행동에 대한 태도는 금전 기부와 시간 기부 모두에 긍정적 영향을 미치지만, 지각된 위험은 금전 기부에는 부정적 영향을, 시간기부와는 아무런 영향관계를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기부행동을 일으키는 요인 간 상충관계를 밝혔다는 점에서 기존 연구와의 차별성을 갖고, 기부의 두 가지 유형인 금전기부와 시간기부에 대한 실제 경험을 살펴봄으로써 기업 및 비영리 기관에 기부유형에 따른 구분된 전략을 제시하였다는 점에서 시사점을 갖는다.

Abstract

The present study explores the antecedents affecting real donation behavior using PLS analysis based on the Structural Equation Model. Most studies have investigated the influences of altruism or emotion evoked from donation recipients. However, the current research based on consumer’s motivational tendency focused on both attitude toward helping others and perceived risk. And we found the relationship of those variables affecting real donation behavior. According to the results, regarding attitude toward helping others, there are positive relationships with promotion focused tendency and prevention focused tendency. With perceived risk, there is no relationship with promotion focused tendency whereas there is a positive relationship with prevention focused tendency. In addition, two mechanisms have a different affect on each donation type. Specifically, attitude toward helping others positively affects both monetary and time donations, whereas perceived risks negatively affects monetary donations. The current study has a meaningful implication on academia and practical usage.

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