중국의 북조 시대 고분 출토품에 보이는 북방·서역계 금속용기의 전래 - 고구려 벽화고분에 보이는 북방·서역계 문화의 유입 경로의 이해를 위하여 -

Abstract

Koguryo and Chinese tomb murals from the 4th to the 7th centuries are distributed in Kugnaesong and Pyongyang, of Koguryo and Datong, Shanxi, Cixian, Hebei, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Guyuan, Ningxia, and Xi’an, Shaanxi in China. Nomadic and Central Asian cultures shown in the murals and relief sculptures might not be enough evidence to prove the direct introduction of the foreign culture and interaction. However, nomadic and Central Asian artifacts excavated in those regions where the mural tombs are located certainly prove the nomadic and central asian culture either by the visit or immigration of foreigners or by the trade of ato mb occupant. The nomadic and Central Asian gold and silver objects of the Northern Dynasties of China can be divided into two types, Greek and Roman and Persian. Styles and Decorative subjects made in ancient Greece were transmitted to the Roman empire, and then to the Minor Asia, Black Sea areas, Sassanian Persia, and finally to Central Asia and China. Sassanian style objects include those made by Sogdians as well as those imitated by Bactria, Hephthalite, or China. Some of them were made by foreign artisans who came into China or made by Chinese artisans with the foreign technique introduced by that time. In addition, there are cases not made in Greece, Rome, Sassanian Persia, but in Bactria and Sogdiana where Roman and Sassanian style objects were imitated. Thus, in the transmission and trades of those nomadic and Central Asian objects were made possible partly by Roman and Sassanian while one may not disregard the certain role of Sogdian, Hephthalites and Turks as the intermediary group contributed to this transaction. The fact that Greek and Roman subjects such as the Dionysus and Persian themes like the royal hunting are found on the nomadic and Central Asian objects excavated from Northern Dynasties tombs suggests that not only the nomadic and Central Asian cultural elements but also the religious and ritual symbolism might have been transmitted at the same time. Those objects might have been used as a symbolic medium to show a tomb occupant as a direct participant in the East-West trades or as a personal from a certain ethnic and cultural origin. Furthermore, it is noticeable that certain types of gold and silver objects and certain Byzantine and Sassanian coins with holes to attach as an ornament are repeatedly discovered in those tombs, which can be interpreted that those nomadic and Central Asian related tomb occupants assigned cultural significance on them.