현대 국어 부정 의미의 표현 형식과 화용 체계 연구

Abstract

In Korean Linguistics, the negation and denial form and it's interpretation was one of the most attractive topics for many Korean linguists in the 70s to 80s. Attempts were made to apply two types of negation, long and short form negation, to Chomsky's generative-transformational grammar. After long debate, irrespective of the differences in form and usage, linguists concluded that the two types of Korean negation were derived from the same deep structure - the long form negation type was the basic and prototype form. However, this type of form-oriented research hindered investigation of dynamic negation expressions in communicative interactions and authentic contexts. In this paper, I examine the concepts of ‘negation' in terms of speech acts and conceptualize ‘negation' and ‘denial' related to ‘affirmation'. Then I explain that there are three ways to form negation in the Korean language. The first is to create a new word identifying the negative meaning. For example, the negative of ‘있다’ is not ‘안 있다’ but ‘없다’ and the negative of ‘알다’ is ‘모르다’ instead of ‘안 알다/알지 않다’. The second way is to use a negative prefix such as ‘비(非-), 미(未)-, 무(無)-, 부(不)-, 몰(沒)-’. And, finally, the third way is to make a negation sentence with negation adverbs or negation auxiliary verbs. For a practical approach to current Korean negation usage, we need to collect various authentic texts and analyze speakers' negation and denial intentions in context. In this paper, I explain that when a speaker expresses negation or denial intention the indirect speech act without negation form as well as the direct speech act with the negation form would be chosen. The attention of negation or denial can be interpreted not only from the meaning of the sentence but also from the presupposition, entailment and implicature of the utterances in a specific context. I anticipate further inquiry and research into the complex phenomenon and the principles of Korean language negation and denial speech acts.