향약명 어휘의 변천 연구
A Study of Diachronic Change in Pharmaceutical Names
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The purpose of this study is to show the aspects of change in pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) which were written systematically in several books from 13th century to 20th century. The main results of study are: First, pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are divided into two groups: one is words which changed their forms and the other is changed words. And changed words are again divided into two groups: one is the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and the other is the extinction of words. Second, the most pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are classified as words which alternate forms with the change in phonological system. On the other hand, changed words are more less relative. Third, 59 words were analyzed in this study. There were 30 words which show the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and 29 words which show the extinction. The ratio between two are similar. The time when the changed words occurred mainly is the beginning of 20th century and the Middle Korean. Especially, there are many synonyms which are not related to the existing words in the beginning of 20th century. There were 94 new synonyms which are around twice of 40 extinct words. 36 of 40 extinct words are caused by the competition between synonyms, which is 90 percent of all reasons. Fourth, the order of high frequency in appearance of new synonyms is 20c > 17c > 15․16c. the order of extinction of words is 16c > 15c > 17c. 15․16c and 20c are symmetric. There were a lot of extinction in 15․16c and a lot of formation in 20c. 15th and 20th century show higher frequency than other centuries. Since 15th century is the time when many words became extinct after 13th century, 20th century is the time when many compound words occurred. More research is needed in order to discover the reason why 17th century has high percentage. This study shows the limit from the fact that analyzation comes from only documental language. Assumption of the periods of formation and extinction of synonyms is indefinite. However, this study has its meaning in grasping the point of aspects of diachronic change of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies). In the future, it is necessary to establish the category of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) and to study them systematically.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to show the aspects of change in pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) which were written systematically in several books from 13th century to 20th century. The main results of study are: First, pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are divided into two groups: one is words which changed their forms and the other is changed words. And changed words are again divided into two groups: one is the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and the other is the extinction of words. Second, the most pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are classified as words which alternate forms with the change in phonological system. On the other hand, changed words are more less relative. Third, 59 words were analyzed in this study. There were 30 words which show the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and 29 words which show the extinction. The ratio between two are similar. The time when the changed words occurred mainly is the beginning of 20th century and the Middle Korean. Especially, there are many synonyms which are not related to the existing words in the beginning of 20th century. There were 94 new synonyms which are around twice of 40 extinct words. 36 of 40 extinct words are caused by the competition between synonyms, which is 90 percent of all reasons. Fourth, the order of high frequency in appearance of new synonyms is 20c > 17c > 15․16c. the order of extinction of words is 16c > 15c > 17c. 15․16c and 20c are symmetric. There were a lot of extinction in 15․16c and a lot of formation in 20c. 15th and 20th century show higher frequency than other centuries. Since 15th century is the time when many words became extinct after 13th century, 20th century is the time when many compound words occurred. More research is needed in order to discover the reason why 17th century has high percentage. This study shows the limit from the fact that analyzation comes from only documental language. Assumption of the periods of formation and extinction of synonyms is indefinite. However, this study has its meaning in grasping the point of aspects of diachronic change of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies). In the future, it is necessary to establish the category of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) and to study them systematically.
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