狂言자료에 나타나는 추량조동사 「べし」에 관한 고찰 - 大蔵虎明本과 天理本의 비교를 통하여-

Abstract

This paper examines the use of “Beshi” in the 『Okuratoraakirabon kyogen』 and 『Tenribon kyogenrikugi』 in order to examine the meaning and utilization type of “Beshi” in the late Middle Ages. The result of examination is as follows. First, “Beshi” was the most used type, followed by “Beki” and “Bekara”. Unlike modern Japanese, it is interesting to note that the use of “Beshi” in the latter half of the Middle Ages was very frequent and the use of “Beshi” was decreasing and the use of “Beku” and “Beki” was increasing. Particularly, the reason for the increase in the use of “Beshi” is considered to be the result of the phenomenon of “coalescence of consecutive shapes” that occurred from the late Middle Ages. In the research results of this paper, it was found that “Beki” end form instead of “beshi” Second, both data indicated that the main meaning was the [Appropriateness‧Recommendation‧Order], [Conjecture], and [Naturalness‧Inevitability]. The meaning of the [Appropriateness‧Recommendation‧Order] was used more frequently in 『Tenribon kyogenrikugi』, because it seems that it came from the nature of the script which is in the form of a text that directs a character's movements or stage production in the overall plot. This is also thought to be closely related to the results of the high frequency of the use of the [Appropriateness‧ Recommendation‧Order] in the text that dictates the behavior of the actors in the 『Okuratoraakirabon kyogen』 Third, the meaning of [Prohibition] was only found in “Bekarazu”. Gradually after the Middle Ages, the other meaning of “Bekarazu” has declined and it can be inferred that what was used only for [Prohibition] use has been inherited in modern Japanese.