近松世話物浄瑠璃에 나타나는 「べし」의 사용양상

Abstract

This study examines the meaning and utilization type of “Beshi” in Chikamatsu Sewamonozyoururi in the early days of modern times. The result of examination is as follows. First, as for the conjugational forms, the Rentaikei べき shows the highest appearance followed by Shuushikei べし and further by Renyoukei べく. Mizenkei べから and Izenkei べけれ show very small distribution (one example each). In the case of Mizenkei べから, it appeared in form of べからず which was combined with ず-an auxiliary verb of negative. There is only one example in this study but it could be assumed that べから was used in the form of べからず in Modern Japanese because it shows the same pattern as in the analyses of the late Middle Ages. Also, the frequency of the use of べき is more than べし in the data of the Early Modern Age, which can be attributed to its stylistic characteristics. Second, in terms of semantic usages, it was used in the order of [Guess] - [Naturalness・Necessity] - [Will] - [Possibility] - [Suitability・Suggestion・Order] - [Prohibition]. In the case of [Prohibition], the semantic meaning of [Prohibition] was manifested only in べからず but not in any other conjugational forms having the meaning of [Prohibition]. This shows the same tendency in the analysis results of Kyogen of the late Middle Age. This suggests that the limited use of べからず for [Prohibition] continued to Modern Japanese.