現代 日本語 排他的 限定副詞에 관한 考察 －とりたて 觀點에서－

Abstract

This paper identified “tada, tanni, moppara, hitoeni”, which are categorized as toritate adverbs of the modern Japanese language, as exclusive qualifying adverbs and analyzed 4 forms of toritate grammatical properties. Most of all, 4 forms are syntactically all the same in that they can directly modify a predicate but a noun and cannot modify a predicate with a postposition placed behind. However, the difference is that only“moppara” can be a predicate by accompanying a copula word and “hitoeni” does not show the modification of a noun when “no” is placed in between. In addition, 4 forms are identical in that they are able to coexist with toritate postpositions of “take, bakari, shika, nomi”. It is characteristic that the postpositions commonly precede the Subject in the distribution of a sentence, but they are followed by the Subject when “moppara” is used as a predicate. Meanwhile, semantically “tada, tanni, moppara, hitoeni” all have the characteristics of toritate, 「Contrast between the Subject and the Other」and are the same in that they show the meaning of 「Affirmation of the Subject」 and 「Negation of the Other」. Nevertheless, “moppara” in particular, also has the meaning of 「Affirmation of the Other」under the restriction that “moppara” has a lot of Subjects. This meaning is not shown in “tada, tanni, hitoeni”; in this regard, there is a difference in 4 forms. Also, “tanni, hitoeni”are identical in that they are related to the subjective assessment of the narrator, but different in that the former focuses on the contrast of the Subject and the Other, while the latter only focuses on the Subject. Furthermore, this paper revealed that “moppara” and “hitoeni” are similar in that their focus is on the Subject, but different in that “hitoeni” has no restriction on the number of Subjects.