진술부사에 관한 일고찰(2) -진술부사 소속어 변별을 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper identifies problems of the existing theories with the classification of modal adverbs based on formal concord phenomenon, and redefines them first as adverbs modifying "proposition+mood," which constitutes a sentence, and also identifies them as adverbs that fall into the category of "ji" defined by Tokieda. Building on these new methodologies, this paper considers whether adverbs previously assumed by many scholars as modal adverbs meet the new criteria of modal adverb and reclassifies them as follows: (1) While 「全然(zenzen)」「決して(kessite)」 are supposed to be classified as modal adverbs based on the correspondence with negative expressions, 「全然(zenzen)」 is redefined as a degree adverb because it modifies the stativity of 「predicate+ない(nai)」 and implies the meaning of degree by itself. In contrast, 「決して(kessite)」 modifies "proposition+mood" which forms a sentence by itself and also corresponds to "ji" by Tokieda in its linguistic nature. Thus, it is classified as a quasi-modal adverb since some of the examples are included in phrases modifying nouns, even though it has characteristics of a modal adverb. (2) The words 「もちろん(mochiron)」「むろん(muron)」「事実(jijitsu)」「実際(jissai)」 modify propositions and do not have the characteristics of Tokieda's "ji." Also, they simply represent an narrator's annotation to what is being described. Therefore, they can be identified as annotative adverbs. (3) 「なぜ(naze)」 and 「どうして(dousite)」 modify propositions, and the focus of inquiry shifts when they are added to a sentence, which disqualify them as a modal adverb. Instead, they are classified as interrogative adverbs. (4)「おそらく(osoraku)」 and 「たぶん(tabun)」 modify "proposition+mood" that constitutes a setence corresponding with diverse modal expressions, and this qualifies them as "ji" as well as modal adverbs. Yet, as some of the examples are included in phrases modifying nouns, they should be defined as quasi-modal adverbs. (5)「どうぞ(douzo)」 and 「どうか(douka)」 modify request sentences and have the linguistic nature of Tokieda's "ji." Also, none of the examples is contained in phrases modifying nouns, which qualifies them as modal adverbs.