「しか」の機能的源流をめぐって -韓国語との対照の観点から-
Functional Origin of shika in Japanese : A Contrastive Study of Korean
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In this paper, I investigate the functional origin of shika-nai (hereafter, shika) ‘only’ in Japanese. Furthermore, I present the claim through the contrastive and synchronic study of Korean, which these have been never challenged in the past studies. Arguments of this paper are as followed:(i) the functional origin of shika is hoka-nai (hereafter, hoka) ‘only’. (ii) a variant, shika which is from hoka appeared in Japanese historical changes, unlike Korean. In fact, there has been no definitive answer of the functional origin of shika, because there are not sufficient historical data about it. It has been said that shika is the only expression which is unknown for the origin among Japanese toritateshi, ‘focus particles’. Therefore, previous studies have been waiting for the further research. In previous studies, there are three different hypotheses about the etymology of shika. First hypothesis suggests that shika is from hoka. Second one presents that shika has its origins in gen shika ‘original shape of shika’. Final one proposes that shika is from bakk-e-anh-da (hereafter, bakk-e) ‘only’ in Korean. Nevertheless, there are some problems for each hypothesis. First of all, the three hypotheses cannot present any apparent evidences which can support their claims. The first hypothesis can be acceptable, but it did not suggest any crucial evidence. We can also find the phonetic errors in the third hypothesis. In other words, there has been no patterns ‘b(p) > sh’ in the Korean historical changes. Therefore, this paper suggests that the arguments of previous studies should be modified and proposes new claims.
Abstract
In this paper, I investigate the functional origin of shika-nai (hereafter, shika) ‘only’ in Japanese. Furthermore, I present the claim through the contrastive and synchronic study of Korean, which these have been never challenged in the past studies. Arguments of this paper are as followed:(i) the functional origin of shika is hoka-nai (hereafter, hoka) ‘only’. (ii) a variant, shika which is from hoka appeared in Japanese historical changes, unlike Korean. In fact, there has been no definitive answer of the functional origin of shika, because there are not sufficient historical data about it. It has been said that shika is the only expression which is unknown for the origin among Japanese toritateshi, ‘focus particles’. Therefore, previous studies have been waiting for the further research. In previous studies, there are three different hypotheses about the etymology of shika. First hypothesis suggests that shika is from hoka. Second one presents that shika has its origins in gen shika ‘original shape of shika’. Final one proposes that shika is from bakk-e-anh-da (hereafter, bakk-e) ‘only’ in Korean. Nevertheless, there are some problems for each hypothesis. First of all, the three hypotheses cannot present any apparent evidences which can support their claims. The first hypothesis can be acceptable, but it did not suggest any crucial evidence. We can also find the phonetic errors in the third hypothesis. In other words, there has been no patterns ‘b(p) > sh’ in the Korean historical changes. Therefore, this paper suggests that the arguments of previous studies should be modified and proposes new claims.
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