회복적 전체 학교 접근(RWsA)에 기초한 단위학교 학교폭력 정책 모형 고안 및 적용 논의
Designing and Implementing a School Violence Policy Model for Unit Schools Based on the Restorative Whole-School Approach: An Academic Examination
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본 연구는 갈수록 교묘해지고 다루기 어려워지는 학교폭력 문제에 대응하여, ‘단위학교’가 취해야 하는 학교폭력 예방 및 대응 전략을 체계화하는 데 목표를 두었다. 이를 위해, 단위학교의 교육적 기능을 회복하고 공동체의 갈등 해결 역량 강화를 통해 근본적인 관계 개선을 도모하는 회복적 정의 패러다임과 이에 기초해 모색된 회복적 전체 학교접근에 대한 면밀한 문헌 분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 단위학교가 취할 수 있는 전반적 전략으로는 학교폭력 정책 수립, 학교폭력 정책 집행을 위한 일련의 절차 마련, 그리고 학교 내 교육과정 마련이 포함됨을 확인하였다. 이보다 구체적인 전략 도출을 위해 학교폭력 예방 및 대응과 관련한 문헌 분석을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 예방 전략은 크게 ‘물리적 차원, 상호 소통적 차원, 체제적 차원’으로 구분할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 이 가운데 RWsA에서는특히 상호 소통적 차원과 체제적 차원의 예방 전략이 강조됨을 볼 수 있었다. 대응 전략과 관련하여서는 학교폭력 발생 시 모든 이해 관련자들의 참여를 촉진하는 공동체 구축, 사소한 갈등과 심각한 갈등별로 적용할 수 있는 다양한 회복적 전략들을 체계화하여 제시하였다. 이를 통해, 학생들의 가장 중요한 배움터이자 사회적 체제로서 단위학교의 교육적 역량 회복의 중요성을 강조하였다는 데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to systematize prevention and response strategies against the increasingly complex and difficult issue of school violence that unit schools should adopt. To this end, we conducted an in-depth literature analysis of the restorative justice paradigm, which seeks fundamental relationship improvement through the enhancement of community conflict resolution capabilities and the restoration of educational functions in unit schools, and the Restorative Whole-school Approach (RWsA) that was explored based on this paradigm. Through this, we confirmed that the comprehensive strategies that unit schools can adopt include the establishment of a school violence policy, the preparation of a set of procedures for enforcing the school violence policy, and the creation of an anti-bullying curriculum in the school. For a more specific strategy derivation, we conducted a literature analysis related to the prevention and response of school violence. Through this, we confirmed that prevention strategies can be categorized into physical dimensions, communicative dimensions, and systemic dimensions, and that the RWsA particularly emphasizes prevention strategies in the communicative and systemic dimensions. In relation to response strategies, we systematically presented various restorative strategies that can be applied differently for minor and serious conflicts, promoting the participation of all stakeholders when school violence occurs, and building a community. Through this, it is significant that we emphasized the importance of restoring the educational capacity of unit schools as the most important learning ground for students who need to learn ways to live together by resolving big and small conflicts, and as a social system.
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