EU 운송분야 기후변화 대응과 지방자치단체: 한국의 지방자치단체 “부산”에 주는 함의

Abstract

The EU took the initiative to implement its policies responding to global climate change. In 2008, the EU adopted “the 2020 Climate and Energy Package” and set a goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to the 1990s by 2020. The EU achieved the relevant objectives in 2014. The EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in the energy and heat production sector declined sharply due to EU member states' energy transition policies, while the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector did not decrease. Since 2019. the transport sector has been becoming the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Accordingly, the EU has been developing its policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. Currently, Europe has become the world's second largest electric vehicle market after China. The Treaty of Lisbon clarifies the division of competences between the EU and its Member State: exclusive competence, shared competence, and the EU's supporting, coordinating or supplementing competence. In addition, the areas of energy and environment to which the EU’s climate change policies belong are the areas of shared competences between the EU and its member states. When the EU presents policy goals, its member countries establish and promote their own policies within the EU’s guideline. Local governments of EU member countries also implement their climate change response actions according to the division of competences between central government and local governments in the EU member-states. In Paris, its electric vehicle sharing service has been in operation since December 2011. Paris also accelerated its transition to eco-friendly vehicles by implementing policies to restrict the use of old and pollutant vehicles in the city. In addition, the city is striving to expand the use of eco-friendly vehicles through various benefits. Although Busan is Korea's second largest city, electric vehicle EV charging facilities are lagging behind Seoul and Dae-gu. Therefore, in order to accelerate the effective reduction of greenhouse gases in Busan, it is necessary to strengthen Busan’s greenhouse gas reduction policies in the transport sector by referring to the cases of local governments in EU member countries.