유럽연합의 대(對) 중국 전략: 경제안보와 지정학적 균형
The European Union's Strategy Toward China: Economic Security and Geopolitical Balance
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본 논문은 유럽연합(EU)의 대중국 전략을 경제안보와 지정학적 균형의 관점에서 분석한다. 최근 EU는 글로벌 경제와 지정학적 환경에서의 자율 성을 높이기 위해 ‘개방된 전략적 자율성(open strategic autonomy)’ 개념 을 중심으로 한 다각적 접근을 추진하고 있다. 이를 위해 EU는 특정 국가 에 대한 경제적 의존을 줄이기 위해 공급망 자율성, 기술 및 산업 자율성, 전략적 자산 보호라는 세 가지 주요 축을 설정하고, 인도-태평양 지역에서 의 협력과 글로벌 게이트웨이 프로그램을 통한 경제·지정학적 균형을 강 화하고 있다. 본 연구는 EU의 이러한 접근이 경제 및 안보 전략에서 중국 과의 관계를 관리하며 자율성을 확보하고자 하는 노력으로 이어짐을 밝히 고, EU가 미국과의 협력을 통해 글로벌 규범을 강화하며 독자적인 경제안 보와 지정학적 입지를 강화하려는 전략적 목표를 조명한다. 이를 통해 EU 의 대중국 전략이 글로벌 경제와 지정학적 균형에 미치는 영향을 평가하 며, 향후 EU의 전략적 자율성 확보와 지속 가능성 제고 방안을 제시하는 데 기여하고자 한다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the European Union’s (EU) strategy toward China from the perspectives of economic security and geopolitical balance. Recently, the EU has pursued a multifaceted approach centered on the concept of open strategic autonomy to enhance its autonomy in the global economic and geopolitical landscape. To reduce economic dependence on specific countries, the EU has established three main pillars: supply chain resilience, technological and industrial autonomy, and protection of strategic assets. Furthermore, the EU has strengthened its economic and geopolitical balance through cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region and the Global Gateway initiative. This study reveals that the EU's approach reflects a strategic effort to manage its relationship with China while securing autonomy in economic and security strategies. In addition, by strengthening global norms in cooperation with the United States, the EU aims to solidify its unique stance in economic security and geopolitical strategy. This research assesses the implications of the EU’s strategy toward China on global economic and geopolitical stability, offering insights into the EU’s pursuit of strategic autonomy and sustainability in the future.
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