「廣開土王陵碑文」에 보이는 '南方'

Abstract

The king Gwanggaeto’s tombstone includes the directions which the royal family of Goguryeo country was seeking for. As it can be seen from the myth of the establishment of Goguryeo, the royal family of Goguryeo originally was keeping the idea of leaning from the North to the South. The Southern region which was explored by the founder of the country was seen as the abundant place and the homeland for the future. It is natural that later Goguryeo kings had kept the ideas of the advance to the South. Moreover, the realization of the advance to the South was the development of the whole Goguryeo history. The majority of the important articles on war inscribed on the tombstone are related with the advance to the South. Furthermore, the existence of the 64 fortresses of which names are put on the tombstone as the king Gwanggaeto’s lifetime military achievements is the result of the war with Baekche. Such facts demonstrate that the direction of the war which was propelled by the king Gwanggaeto was the South. The inscriptions about the grave keepers who would guard the king Gwanggaeto’s grave include the fact that Goguryeo’s influence had overcome even the territory of Baekche, namely it had reached ‘the area of Han who reside to the South of Baekche’. This fact is the corroborative evidence that the outer power recruited the inhabitants remaining from the fallen local powers such as Mahan country around the Yeongsan river territories which were under the influence of Baekche. They seem to be a part of the local inhabitants contributed by the king of Baekche to the king Gwanggaeto in the 6th year of Yeongnak (the 6th year of Gwanggaeto, 396 A.D.) right after Gwanggaeto’s victory in the war. The territory of Goguryeo was finalized by the king Gwanggaeto: The eastern boundaries were defined by the Tyumen river, the northern border was the Songhe river, the western territories were bounded by the Liaohe river, and the southern border was the Namhangang river. However, the construction of the Goguryeo’s great wall on the western border line which began in 631 was not driven only for the military purposes or for the military usage. It had a deeper meaning, namely it was the historical declaration of the border line.