廣開土王碑의 性格과 立碑의 意義

Abstract

The Stele of King Gwanggaeto is a huge one with a unique shape and its location does not seem to belong to any specific boundaries of a grave. This paper specifically delves into the meaning of those characteristics through a comparison with the recently discovered Jian Koguryo Stele(集安高句麗碑). The Stele of King Gwanggaeto implies that King Jangsu did not think of a standard general stele from the start, considering that it is similar to a stele not properly processed. The over-lettered epitaph (1,775 letters) contained in the stele proves such a theory. Yushan tomb area (禹山墓區), where the Stele of King Gwanggaeto stands, is the last burial site during the period of Gungnae Fortress (國內城), and the erection of the stele represented the end of an era that reflects its combination with royal tomb construction. In front of the stele, a cluster of royal tombs spread across Jian basin, and thus, the stele itself exhibits the feat of King Gwanggaeto, who kept in order of disorderly national ancestral ritual formalities. The stele was a symbolic structure commemorating the completion of national ancestral ritual formalities and praising king's achievements, given that it was set up in the final stage of the tomb area, where vivid kings' achievements were exhibited. Unlike a view regarding that epic on conquering activity feats as a precondition to ensure legitimacy to grant the role of a tomb keeper, it is found that more than half of the poetry for feats of arms are unrelated with the royal tomb keepers. The epic on the feat of arms are judged to be a peculiar achievement. Meanwhile, SumyoInyeonHojo (守墓人烟戶條) mentions the role of a new royal tomb keeper and the erection of royal steles of many generations, and it is about a royal tomb keeping system and also about the unique content of the Stele of King Gwanggaeto. All in all, the SumyoInyeonHojo of the King Gwanggaeto Stele is beyond the category of a stele erected to keep a royal tomb. From this, the reason why reorganization of the royal tomb keeping system, as well as the feat of arms, is recorded as king's achievement can be found. The purpose of SumyoInyeonHojo appears to demonstrate achievements in both foreign affairs and internal affairs by addressing the external field of conquering activities and an internal achievement on royal tomb reorganization. It is also noted that the Stele of King Gwanggaeto lists the number of households by region to protect royal tombs, instead of remarking royal tomb keeping system's origin. Such a description mode is considered to be a method of description to stress that the keeper of King Gwanggaeto's royal tomb is different from the formation of existing royal tomb keepers. The intention to clarify a relationship between a strange formation of combination of ShinRaeHanYe (新來韓穢) and GuMin (舊民) and the traditional royal tomb keeping system is grasped here.