중국의 강대국 대외정책
China's Quest for Great Power Status and Its Implications for Foreign Policy
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초록
중국의 대외정책이 완만하지만 분명한 변화를 경험하고 있다. 최근 들어 중국은, 6자회담의 주최나 아세안 국가들과의 FTA의 체결 그리고 EU 국가들과의 관계 강화 노력 등에서 나타나듯, 지역과 세계의 문제에 적극적으로 참여하고 또 자신의 선호와 목표를 구현하려 시도한다. 이 글은 이러한 대외적 적극성은 경제적 성장과 대외적 영향력을 확보하려는 의도에 기인한 것으로, 중국의 대외정책이 강대국 대외정책으로서의 속성을 강화해감을 보여준다고 규정한다. 그러면서도 이 글은 중국의 강대국 대외정책이 공세 일변도이기보다 두 개의 상반된 측면들을 동시에 포괄함을 제시한다. 중국은 한편으로 국제질서에 대한 영향력을 제고시키기 위해 노력하면서도 동시에 자신의 등장이 위협으로 인식되지 않도록 하기 위해 협력과 다자주의에도 적극적으로 임한다. 이처럼 공세적 측면과 타협적 측면을 동시에 포함하는 강대국 대외정책은 중국의 국제적 지위와 영향력을 증대시키고 국제구조의 권력분산을 유발시키는 데 기여했다. 이러한 변화에도 불구하고 중국은 기존질서에의 참여를 선택함으로써 지역과 국제질서의 안정에도 기여했다. 이러한 중국의 대외적 선택은 힘이 증대됨에 따라 권력의 유혹에 빠질 것이라는 지배적인 시각과 차이를 보인다. 물론 이러한 중국의 대외정책은 전략적인 고려에 기인한 것으로, 앞으로도 계속될 것인가는 무엇보다도 미국의 대응이라는 국제적 요인에 의해 영향을 받게 될 것이다.
Abstract
This article reviews China's foreign policy which has experienced a slow but steady change. China, which was largely passive on matters of foreign policy, has become active on global as well as regional affairs: it has hosted a series of the six-party talks on North Korean nuclear issue, contracted Free Trade Agreement with ASEAN countries, and attempted to strengthen its relationship with the EU. This article suggests that the changes reflect China's quest for great power status. In an effort to increase its international influence, it has increasingly become active on international matters. At the same time, this article suggests, China has increasingly accepted obligations and responsibilities of a great power: it has become proactive toward cooperation and multilateralism internationally in an attempt to assuage concerns about its emergence. Collectively, the changes have contributed to the increase of China's influence in international arena. At the same time, by participating in the current international order, China's new foreign policy has contributed to the stability of the existing international system. Given that China's new foreign policy is an attempt to build a cooperative relationship with the US, whether China continues to maintain its new foreign policy will depend largely on how the US reacts to China's policy initiative.
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