1인 가구의 스트레스와 주거 공간 회복탄력성의 상관성 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) The increasing prevalence of single-person households has brought about psychological pressure stemming from emotional isolation, economic instability, and lack of daily support. These factors can lead to mental stress. Particularly, single-person households often reside in small spaces averaging 20–40 m², where they consciously or unconsciously experience challenges in managing mental and physical stress while living within such confined spaces. Based on Hans Selye’s "General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)" theory of stress response stages, this study focused on the second stage, the resistance stage, to explore the role of spatial resilience in alleviating stress. This study sets self-care and self-regulation as mediating factors, and analyzes their impact on stress reduction and mental health promotion in single-person households. The ultimate aim was to identify the key correlation factors between stress and spatial resilience in single-person households and to propose effective design strategies for residential spaces. (Methods) We conducted a theoretical review and analyzed previous studies on stress, spatial resilience, self-care, and self-regulation in single-person households. Research hypotheses and models should be formulated based on these findings. Survey questions with a reliability score of 0.7 or higher were extracted from prior studies and used for a preliminary survey. The accuracy and consistency of the structure were validated through reliability, validity, and exploratory factor analyses, followed by the main survey. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and the PROCESS macro to perform an empirical analysis of parallel multiple mediation effects with control variables. (Results) The analysis showed that the independent variable (X: stress in single-person households) had a significant negative effect on the dependent variable (Y: spatial resilience) (β = -0.3048, p < 0.01). Additionally, the mediating variable (M1: self-care) played a meaningful role between the independent variable (X: stress) and the dependent variable (Y: spatial resilience) (β = 0.1788, p < 0.01). An increase in stress levels activates self-care, which improves spatial resilience. However, the mediating variable (M2: self-regulation) did not show statistically significant indirect effects on the dependent variable (Y: spatial resilience) (β = 0.1261, p > 0.05).(Conclusion) This study confirmed that higher stress levels in single-person households negatively impact spatial resilience, with self-care playing a crucial mediating role. As the stress levels increased, enhanced self-care contributed to improved spatial resilience. However, self-regulation did not have a significant effect. Therefore, to manage stress effectively in single-person households, it is essential to promote self-care and implement spatial design strategies that enhance resilience. These strategies can reduce stress, improve mental health, and ultimately contribute to better spatial and quality of life in single-person households.