직장 내 성희롱에 대한 주변인 개입에 관한 연구: 개입각본을 중심으로
Bystander Intervention for Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Script-Based Approach
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직장 내 성희롱을 당한 피해자는 보복 및 직장 내 평판 저하의 두려움으로 적극적인 대처가 어렵다. 따라서 직장 내 성희롱을 예방하고 피해자를 보다 효과적으로 보호하기 위해서는 피해자 뿐 아니라 주변인의 개입을 활성화할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 주변인 개입의 결정요인 및 각본 분석법에 관한 선행연구를 바탕으로 직장 내 성희롱이 발생하였을 때 주변인이 개입하는 절차를 (1)상황의 인지 및 관찰, (2)책임인식 및 개입결심, (3)개입실행의 세 단계로 구분하였다. 또한 89명의 직장인을 대상으로 주관식 설문조사를 실시하여 각 의사결정 단계에서의 애로점 및 구체적 행동방법을 조사, 질적 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 본 연구는 각 단계별 주변인 개입을 활성화하기 위한 전략 및 구체적인 정책의 예시들을 제시하였고, 현재 실시중인 직장 내 성희롱 예방 프로그램을 개선하기 위한 방안들을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Victims of sexual harassment (SH) in the workplace often react passively because they fear reprisals or losing social status. Thus, programs aiming to reduce SH at work need to move beyond traditional victim- or offender-oriented approaches and focus on bystander actions as a way to disrupt a crime event or promote reporting behavior. Building from previous research on bystander intervention and the script model, the present study lays out three-stage bystander intervention scripts that might be informative to bystanders’ decision-making in case they become aware of a workplace SH: (1)notice and observe the offense, (2)take responsibility and decide to intervene, and (3) take action. Based on this framework, an open-ended questionnaire was designed and employed with a sample of workers in South Korea (N = 89) in order to assess what actions respondents were likely to take at each stage and why in hypothetical scenarios. Based on the findings, this study suggests specific crime prevention strategies (e.g., increasing natural surveillance through environmental design) and relevant policy recommendations (e.g., appropriate bystander protection measures) for each stage of the script. Ideas to improve the current workplace SH prevention training are also discussed.
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