직장 내 성희롱 피해 대응방식에 대한 연구
A Study on the Types of Responses to Workplace Sexual Harassment
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초록
본 연구는 직장 내 성희롱 피해 여성들이 회피나 부인 등 소극적으로 대응하는 이유를 규명하고자 했다. 이를 위해 한국형사정책연구원에서 2016년 수집한 설문자료를 이용하여 Gruber와 Bjorn(1986)의 제안을 참고로 사회문화적 요인, 조직적 요인, 심각성 요인을 포함하는 복합모형을 구축했다. 성희롱 피해 여성 362명을 대상으로 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 가설과 같이 미혼일수록, 비정규직일수록, 조직문화가 수직적일수록, 피해가 덜 심각할수록 소극적으로 대응하였고, 가설과 반대로 여성비율이 위협적인 수준일 때는 더 적극적으로 대응하는 것으로 드러났다. 상황적 요인인 성희롱 심각성을 제외하면 결국 조직적 요인이 대응방식을 결정한다고 해도 과언이 아닌바, 이러한 결과는 직장 내 성희롱을 더 이상 개인의 문제로만 치부해서는 안됨을 시사했다. 즉, 조직적 차원에서 취약계층의 적극적 대응을 이끌어내기 위한 제도적 보완과 분위기 조성이 필요해보였다. 자료의 미비로 인해 개인적 자원 모형이 분석에서 제외되는 등의 한계가 있었지만, 국내에서 거의 찾아볼 수 없는 성희롱 피해 대응방식 결정요인에 대한 체계적인 실증연구라는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있었다. 향후 국내에서도 남녀 간 대응방식의 차이, 다양한 변수들 간 상호작용효과 등 여러 주제에 대하여 다양한 표본을 대상으로 한 연구가 활성화되어 효과적인 정책수립에 도움이 되길 바란다.
Abstract
This study attempted to discover the reason why the female victims of workplace sexual harassment make non-assertive responses such as avoidance and denial. To this end, a composite model including sociocultural, organizational, and severity factors was constructed upon the suggestion by Gruber and Bjorn(1986). Utilizing the data collected by the Korean Institute of Criminology in 2016, a Logistic Regression Analysis was performed on 362 female victims. Results showed that the unmarried and part-time employees were less assertive than their married and full-time counterparts. In addition, workers in hierarchical culture and less severly victimized tended to make less assertive responses as hypothesized. It was unexpected, however, that the sex ratio of threatening minority increased the probability of assertive response. Excepting the severity factors, overall, the organizational ones appeared to play a pivotal role in determining the types of responses, which, in turn, suggested that the individual victims are not to take full responsibility of solving the issue. Notwithstanding a few limitations such as the omission of personal resource factors, this study could find its own value in that it was one of the first systematic attempts of empirical test on the subject in Korean contexts. More research is expected to be made on the current issue with diverse samples, particularly on interaction effects of various variables, which is likely to provide convincing evidences for more effective policies.
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